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Pepper Older Americans Independence Center National Institute on Aging","award":["5P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30AG031679"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on cross-sectional studies and short longitudinal studies, levels of sex hormones (SHs) change with age in men. However, there are limited data about SHs in men older than age 80 years and few longitudinal studies &amp;gt;10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to characterize SH concentrations in older men and assess long-term changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 477 community-dwelling men, ages 78 to 97 years, who participated in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study. Medical history was obtained via clinical visits and questionnaires. Serum sex steroid levels (testosterone, estradiol, estrogen, DHT) were assayed using liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry, free testosterone by equilibrium dialysis, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by radioimmunoassay. In 215 men, SH levels were compared to levels obtained 14.0 \u00b1 0.65 years earlier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cross-sectional analyses, mean total testosterone levels were 413.9 \u00b1 180.0, with considerable variation among participants. In 21.4%, total testosterone levels were &amp;lt;275\u2005ng\/dL. Similarly, directly measured free testosterone levels were low (&amp;lt;6.6\u2005ng\/dL) in 37.6%. Total testosterone levels were modestly correlated with directly measured free testosterone, estradiol, estrone, DHT, and SHBG, and weakly negatively associated with body mass index and smoking. In longitudinal analyses (n = 215), average total testosterone, estradiol, and estrone levels decreased, whereas SHBG increased, but changes were highly variable. Among those with total testosterone &amp;gt; 275\u2005ng\/dL at baseline, testosterone levels decreased to &amp;lt;275\u2005ng\/dL in 20.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In old men, there was a broad range of total testosterone levels, and a significant fraction were in a range considered hypogonadal. In longitudinal analyses, although there was considerable interindividual variation, gradual declines in mean total testosterone continued in the 8th through 10th decades of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T13:05:07Z","timestamp":1765458307000},"page":"1739-1750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Sex Hormones in a Population of Older Community-dwelling Men"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6712-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spencer T","family":"Hills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR 97239 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler A","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute , San Francisco, CA 94107 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3982-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalender","family":"Bhasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8520-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric S","family":"Orwoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, OR 97239 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155533","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcopenia: prevalence, risk factors, and consequences","volume":"144","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2012.05.001","article-title":"Male osteoporosis","volume":"41","author":"Drake","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02821-8","article-title":"Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.06.001","article-title":"Age-related changes in total and regional fat distribution","volume":"8","author":"Kuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B5","first-page":"19","article-title":"Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging","volume":"6","author":"Rodgers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.11.003","article-title":"Age as a risk factor","volume":"96","author":"Dhingra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9475","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66665-2","article-title":"Depression in the elderly","volume":"365","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01601.x","article-title":"Age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men: results from the European male ageing study (EMAS)","volume":"7","author":"Corona","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.19.2124","article-title":"Endogenous testosterone levels, physical performance, and fall risk in older men","volume":"166","author":"Orwoll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B10","first-page":"2647","article-title":"Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age","volume":"84","author":"Snyder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026051819580944700_dgaf652-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009326","article-title":"Longitudinal relation between endogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle-aged men. 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