{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T13:06:48Z","timestamp":1767186408223,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020956","name":"Merck Healthcare KGaA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and GH replacement therapy (GHRT) on health-related physical fitness are still unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work aimed to characterize the effects of GHD and GHRT on health-related physical fitness in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 49 GHD children (aged 10.7 \u00b1 1.9 years) and 46 controls (aged 11.8 \u00b1 2.3 years). Both groups underwent baseline assessment of body composition, muscle strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, insulin-like growth factor-1, metabolic equivalents (METs-min\/wk), sitting time, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). These parameters were reevaluated in GHD patients after 1-year GHRT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to controls, GHD patients exhibited higher sitting time (3603.5 \u00b1 1334.8 min\/wk vs 3011.6 \u00b1 1215.3\u2005min\/wk; P = .03), and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) (0.50 \u00b1 0.07 vs 0.45 \u00b1 0.06; P = .001), reduced muscle strength (squat jump 13.88 \u00b1 4.0 vs 15.7 \u00b1 4.2\u2005cm; P = .04; long jump 114.6 \u00b1 25.8 vs 126.2 \u00b1 29.6\u2005cm; P = .04; counter-movement jump 13.7 \u00b1 3.9 vs 16.4 \u00b1 4.7\u2005cm; P = .002), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) (501.1 \u00b1 69.3 vs 535.3 \u00b1 65.6\u2005m; P = .03), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (29.7 \u00b1 4.7 vs 31.9 \u00b1 4.6\u2005mL\/kg\/min; P = .02). One-year GHRT led to reduced sitting time (3107.5 \u00b1 1370.9\u2005min\/wk; P = .03), WtHR (0.45 \u00b1 0.06; P = .02) and fat mass percentage (27.4 \u00b1 5.4 vs 23.7 \u00b1 5.8; P &amp;lt; .0001), increased METs-min\/wk (2174.5 \u00b1 1737.9 vs 2788.1 \u00b1 2395.0; P = .05), fat-free mass (22.1 \u00b1 7.6 vs 27.9 \u00b1 9.4\u2005kg; P &amp;lt; .0001), handgrip strength (11.1 \u00b1 3.6 vs 15.4 \u00b1 4.9\u2005kg; P = .0001) squat jump (16.6 \u00b1 4.7\u2005cm; P = .01), long jump (129.6 \u00b1 25.2\u2005cm; P &amp;lt; .0001), countermovement jump (16.0 \u00b1 4.3\u2005cm; P = .003), 6MWD (540.5 \u00b1 88.5\u2005m; P = .01), VO2max (31.8 \u00b1 5.1 mL\/kg\/min, P = .02), and physical (76.76 \u00b1 16.42 vs 84.61 \u00b1 11.63; P &amp;lt; .007) and psychosocial HRQoL scores (75.61 \u00b1 15.12 vs 80.91 \u00b1 11.12; P \u00a0&amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GHRT exerts broad beneficial effects on health-related physical fitness and HRQoL in children with GHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T12:54:31Z","timestamp":1766148871000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency and GH Replacement Therapy on Health-Related Physical Fitness in Children"],"prefix":"10.1210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Improda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital , Naples 80122 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples , Naples 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Ballarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital , Naples 80122 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medical, Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples , Naples 80133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3312-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Capalbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center DEMeTra, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples , Naples 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II , Naples 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2563-6144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II , Naples 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5063-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliana","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples , Naples 80133 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Scalfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples , Naples 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1310-3300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariacarolina","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples , Naples 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II , Naples 80131 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2025123108015969100_dgaf676-B1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Long-term effects of growth hormone therapy on bone mineral density, body composition, and serum lipid levels in growth hormone deficient children: a 6-year follow-up study","volume":"58","author":"van der 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