{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:48:06Z","timestamp":1792788486342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RR-00036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR-00036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK111559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK111559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-14-CE-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-14-CE-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Colorado Nutrition Obesity Research Center","award":["P30DK048520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK048520"]}]},{"name":"Colorado Cancer Center","award":["P30CA046934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA046934"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and liver fat but reduces lean mass. Whether reductions in intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) exceed muscle loss and how these effects compare with endurance exercise training without weight loss remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Test whether weight loss leads to greater reductions in IMAT and hepatic fat than exercise training alone, and whether these changes are reflected in plasma lipidomic and metabolomic profiles in adults with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a 12-week randomized intervention, 46 individuals with obesity were assigned to weight loss (WL\u2014age 39.7 \u00b1 1.3; BMI 35.2 \u00b1 0.9; W\/M 8\/9), endurance exercise training without weight loss (EX\u2014age 39.7 \u00b1 1.6; BMI 36.0 \u00b1 1.1; W\/M 8\/8), or delayed-control intervention groups (age 39.8 \u00b1 1.4; BMI 36.8 \u00b1 1.3; W\/M 6\/7). Changes in IMAT volume, skeletal muscle mass, and liver fat measured by MRI; insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp; and plasma lipidomics and metabolomics by LC-MS based methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WL reduced body weight (\u221210.5%; P &amp;lt; .001), liver steatosis (\u221233.1%; P &amp;lt; .0001), and IMAT volume (\u221212.7%; P &amp;lt; .0001), while improving insulin sensitivity (42%; P = .004). IMAT decreased significantly more than skeletal muscle mass (\u22124.2%, P = .17), indicating improved muscle quality. EX increased insulin sensitivity (23%; P = .04) and VO\u2082peak (7.6%; P &amp;lt; .001) but did not significantly change IMAT or liver fat. DXA overestimated muscle loss compared with MRI. WL decreased plasma sphingolipids and diacylglycerols, whereas EX reduced acylcarnitines. Plasma triacylglycerols and branched-chain amino acids were strongly correlated with liver fat, and triacylglycerols showed the strongest association with IMAT volume.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weight loss is more effective than endurance exercise training without weight loss for reducing IMAT and liver steatosis, with IMAT loss exceeding muscle loss. Plasma lipids and metabolites signatures are associated with liver fat and IMAT, supporting their potential utility as noninvasive biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:33:51Z","timestamp":1768566831000},"page":"1994-2007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Weight loss reduces intermuscular adipose tissue and liver fat compared to exercise: implications for muscle quality and metabolic health"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7089-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Zemski Berry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Garfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Macias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Zarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie G","family":"Cree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet K","family":"Snell-Bergeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Bodkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-1052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan C","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.6586","article-title":"Is weight loss-induced muscle mass loss clinically relevant?","volume":"332","author":"Conte","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20932","article-title":"Continued loss in visceral and intermuscular adipose tissue in weight-stable women following bariatric surgery","volume":"23","author":"Toro-Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01338.x","article-title":"Regional fat changes following weight reduction from laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-020-00481-9","article-title":"Effects of weight loss during a very low carbohydrate diet on specific adipose tissue depots and insulin sensitivity in older adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Goss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00309.2016","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue and thigh muscle area dynamics during an 18-month randomized weight loss trial","volume":"121","author":"Yaskolka Meir","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00355.2011","article-title":"Preferential reductions in intermuscular and visceral adipose tissue with exercise-induced weight loss compared with calorie restriction","volume":"112","author":"Murphy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1585","article-title":"Changes in adipose tissue depots and metabolic markers following a 1-year diet and exercise intervention in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Gallagher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E407","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90397.2008","article-title":"Relationships between exercise-induced reductions in thigh intermuscular adipose tissue, changes in lipoprotein particle size, and visceral adiposity","volume":"295","author":"Durheim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab111","article-title":"Effect of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, on intermuscular and visceral fat and physical and metabolic function in older adults with obesity while dieting","volume":"77","author":"Waters","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90425.2008","article-title":"Effects of physical activity on strength and skeletal muscle fat infiltration in older adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00426.2019","article-title":"Skeletal muscle size, function, and adiposity with lifelong aerobic exercise","volume":"128","author":"Chambers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00316-8","article-title":"Effects of 16 months of high intensity resistance training on thigh muscle fat infiltration in elderly men with osteosarcopenia","volume":"43","author":"Ghasemikaram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398960","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/398960","article-title":"Resistance exercise with older fallers: its impact on intermuscular adipose tissue","volume":"2014","author":"Jacobs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.04.036","article-title":"Exercise-based interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"14","author":"Orci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002098","article-title":"Exercise training is associated with treatment response in liver fat content by magnetic resonance imaging independent of clinically significant body weight loss in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Stine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.3.701","article-title":"Effects of identical weight loss on body composition and features of insulin resistance in obese women with high and low liver fat content","volume":"52","author":"Tiikkainen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.02.005","article-title":"Effects of moderate and subsequent progressive weight loss on metabolic function and adipose tissue biology in humans with obesity","volume":"23","author":"Magkos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E165","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00266.2017","article-title":"Exercise training reduces intrahepatic lipid content in people with and people without nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"314","author":"Brouwers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23129","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training reduces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss","volume":"50","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0498-7","article-title":"Exercise training reduces fatty acid availability and improves the insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism","volume":"50","author":"Shojaee-Moradie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2565","article-title":"Effect of calorie restriction with or without exercise on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, fat cell size, and ectopic lipid in overweight subjects","volume":"29","author":"Larson-Meyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197216","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/197216","article-title":"Lifestyle intervention involving calorie restriction with or without aerobic exercise training improves liver fat in adults with visceral adiposity","volume":"2014","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00017-1","article-title":"Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project): a comparative diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"8","author":"Vali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0429-4","article-title":"The validity of estimating quadriceps volume from single MRI cross-sections in young men","volume":"100","author":"Morse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23928","article-title":"Reproducibility of hepatic fat fraction measurement by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"37","author":"Mashhood","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26455","article-title":"Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials","volume":"58","author":"Noureddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22658","article-title":"Muscle insulin resistance in youth with obesity and normoglycemia is associated with altered fat metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Cree-Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.135","article-title":"Short-term effects of dietary fatty acids on muscle lipid composition and serum acylcarnitine profile in human subjects","volume":"19","author":"Kien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.105","article-title":"Comparison of methods for achieving 24-hour energy balance in a whole-room indirect calorimeter","volume":"11","author":"Grunwald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0275","article-title":"Protection of bone mass by estrogens and raloxifene during exercise-induced weight loss","volume":"90","author":"Gozansky","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M84","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.3.M84","article-title":"Endurance exercise training reduces glucose-stimulated insulin levels in 60- to 70-year-old men and women","volume":"48","author":"Kirwan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.24","article-title":"Timing of ibuprofen use and bone mineral density adaptations to exercise training","volume":"25","author":"Kohrt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.5.2004","article-title":"Effects of gender, age, and fitness level on response of VO2max to training in 60-71 yr olds","volume":"71","author":"Kohrt","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7834","article-title":"A three-minute method for high-throughput quantitative metabolomics and quantitative tracing experiments of central carbon and nitrogen pathways","volume":"31","author":"Nemkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9236-2_9","article-title":"HPLC-MS\/MS methods for diacylglycerol and sphingolipid molecular species in skeletal muscle","volume":"1978","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2022.100270","article-title":"Serum dihydroceramides correlate with insulin sensitivity in humans and decrease insulin sensitivity in vitro","volume":"63","author":"Zarini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193110","article-title":"Altered cord blood lipid concentrations correlate with birth weight and Doppler velocimetry of fetal vessels in human fetal growth restriction pregnancies","volume":"11","author":"Chassen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3172","article-title":"Features of hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance unique to type 1 diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Bergman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206038","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity","volume":"387","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2301972","article-title":"Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity\u2014a phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Jastreboff","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808538","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2022.808538","article-title":"Utilization of mid-thigh magnetic resonance imaging to predict lean body mass and knee extensor strength in obese adults","volume":"3","author":"Bodkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Rehabil Sci"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B42","unstructured":"Zemski Berry K. \u00a0Weight loss reduces IMAT and liver fat compared to exercise: implications for muscle quality and metabolic health. Zenodo. 10.5281\/zenodo.18167103"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00784-2","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue in metabolic disease","volume":"19","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.431","article-title":"Effects of an energy-restrictive diet with or without exercise on abdominal fat, intermuscular fat, and metabolic risk factors in obese women","volume":"25","author":"Janssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1193","article-title":"Interrelations between fat distribution, muscle lipid content, adipocytokines, and insulin resistance: effect of moderate weight loss in older women","volume":"84","author":"Mazzali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.1.144","article-title":"Insulin resistance in morbid obesity: reversal with intramyocellular fat depletion","volume":"51","author":"Greco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-1009","article-title":"Comparable reduction of the visceral adipose tissue depot after a diet-induced weight loss with or without aerobic exercise in obese subjects: a 12-week randomized intervention study","volume":"160","author":"Christiansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3493-9","article-title":"Effects of a 12-week, short-interval, intermittent, low-intensity, slow-jogging program on skeletal muscle, fat infiltration, and fitness in older adults: randomized controlled trial","volume":"117","author":"Ikenaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22548","article-title":"Triceps brachii strength and regional body composition changes after detraining quantified by MRI","volume":"33","author":"Popadic Gacesa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.6.2157","article-title":"Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: the health ABC study","volume":"90","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080079","article-title":"Excessive adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle in individuals with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral neuropathy: association with performance and function","volume":"88","author":"Hilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.377","article-title":"Reduced physical activity increases intermuscular adipose tissue in healthy young adults","volume":"85","author":"Manini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E866","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00243.2018","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue directly modulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in humans","volume":"316","author":"Sachs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116021","article-title":"Intramuscular adipose tissue restricts functional muscle recovery","volume":"44","author":"Norris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/516576","article-title":"Impact of weight loss on physical function with changes in strength, muscle mass, and muscle fat infiltration in overweight to moderately obese older adults: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"2011","author":"Santanasto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172957","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/172957","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue is muscle specific and associated with poor functional performance","volume":"2012","author":"Tuttle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50217.x","article-title":"Leg muscle mass and composition in relation to lower extremity performance in men and women aged 70 to 79: the health, aging and body composition study","volume":"50","author":"Visser","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21754","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT): association with other adipose tissue compartments and insulin sensitivity","volume":"29","author":"Boettcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.903","article-title":"Adipose tissue in muscle: a novel depot similar in size to visceral adipose tissue","volume":"81","author":"Gallagher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01035.2007","article-title":"Femoral-gluteal subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissues have independent and opposing relationships with CVD risk","volume":"104","author":"Yim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00260.2004","article-title":"Intermuscular adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass: estimation by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in adults","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.7.777","article-title":"Obesity, regional body fat distribution, and the metabolic syndrome in older men and women","volume":"165","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2.372","article-title":"Association between regional adipose tissue distribution and both type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in elderly men and women","volume":"26","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-022-00670-8","article-title":"Sex differences in the relationships between body composition, fat distribution, and mitochondrial energy metabolism: a pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Bellissimo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230248","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-23-0248","article-title":"Thigh muscle fat fraction is independently associated with impaired glucose metabolism in individuals with obesity","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.35","article-title":"Impact of body-composition methodology on the composition of weight loss and weight gain","volume":"67","author":"Pourhassan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20448","article-title":"Changes in fat and skeletal muscle with exercise training in obese adolescents: comparison of whole-body MRI and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46428-w","article-title":"Changes in DXA-derived lean mass and MRI-derived cross-sectional area of the thigh are modestly associated","volume":"9","author":"Tavoian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-1018","article-title":"Deoxysphingolipids: atypical skeletal muscle lipids related to insulin resistance in humans that decrease insulin sensitivity in vitro","volume":"72","author":"Zarini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0410-400","article-title":"Diacylglycerol-mediated insulin resistance","volume":"16","author":"Erion","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0189-8","article-title":"Plasma lipid profiling of tissue-specific insulin resistance in human obesity","volume":"43","author":"van der Kolk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72449","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072449","article-title":"Plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate is elevated in obesity","volume":"8","author":"Kowalski","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.10.013","article-title":"Mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance","volume":"7","author":"Koves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90942-5","article-title":"Hepatic effects of dietary weight loss in morbidly obese subjects","volume":"12","author":"Andersen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1033","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00291.2011","article-title":"Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT\/RT","volume":"301","author":"Slentz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1181","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1229","article-title":"Improved hepatic lipid composition following short-term exercise in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"98","author":"Haus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00433.2018","article-title":"Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders","volume":"317","author":"Ennequin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0402","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000402","article-title":"Velacur ACE outperforms FibroScan CAP for diagnosis of MASLD","volume":"8","author":"Loomba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00502-9","article-title":"Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests","volume":"18","author":"Masoodi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.05.046","article-title":"Noninvasive detection of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using clinical markers and circulating levels of lipids and metabolites","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.03.006","article-title":"Plasma metabolomic profile in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Kalhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29465","article-title":"Altered amino acid concentrations in NAFLD: impact of obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"67","author":"Gaggini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13346","article-title":"Branched chain amino acids are associated with the heterogeneity of the area of lipid droplets in hepatocytes of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Kakazu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1021\/pr201223p","article-title":"Obesity-dependent metabolic signatures associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression","volume":"11","author":"Barr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1188","article-title":"Metabolomic-based noninvasive serum test to diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results from discovery and validation cohorts","volume":"2","author":"Mayo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13285","article-title":"Use of a metabolomic approach to non-invasively diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Bril","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02049-2","article-title":"Plasma ceramides are associated with MRI-based liver fat content but not with noninvasive scores of liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Denimal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2021.100104","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease stratification by liver lipidomics","volume":"62","author":"Vvedenskaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P056002","article-title":"Biomarkers of NAFLD progression: a lipidomics approach to an epidemic","volume":"56","author":"Gorden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M007096","article-title":"Mass spectrometric profiling of oxidized lipid products in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Feldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2981-2","article-title":"Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease and liver fat content by serum molecular lipids","volume":"56","author":"Ore\u0161i\u010d","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061619574483100_dgag018-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70261","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70261","article-title":"Plasma proteomic analysis of intermuscular fat links muscle integrity with processing speed in older adults","volume":"21","author":"Tanaka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag018\/66680233\/dgag018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/7\/1994\/66680233\/dgag018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/7\/1994\/66680233\/dgag018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:57:57Z","timestamp":1781654277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/111\/7\/1994\/8450779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}}}