{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:51:48Z","timestamp":1781657508971,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005744","name":"The Foundation for Pediatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004092","name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of glucocorticoid (GC) precursors are elevated in preterm infants, whereas clinical signs of GC deficiency are frequently observed in neonatal intensive care units.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the maturation of the GC metabolic pathway in preterm infants during the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spot urinary samples (n = 154) were collected in the neonatal intensive care unit and at follow-up visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen preterm infants (8 boys) born &amp;lt;30 weeks of gestational age. Data of full-term infants were available from the same laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary levels of GC precursor metabolites and 13 GC metabolites were quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Enzyme activities were calculated by product\/substrate ratios. Mixed models were used for statistical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The levels of GC precursors remained high in preterm infants until term-equivalent age (TEA), after which they decreased (P &amp;lt; .001). However, GC production, estimated by the sum of 13 GC metabolites did not change significantly over time in preterm infants and was higher in preterm than in full-term infants after 1 week of age (P = .044 \u2212&amp;lt;.001). The sum of 13 GC metabolites\/tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol ratio (representing CYP11B1 activity) increased in preterm infants after TEA (P &amp;lt; .001), whereas the 16\u03b1-OH-DHEA\/5-PT ratio (representing 17,20-lyase activity) decreased (P &amp;lt; .001). The ratio of cortisone metabolites to cortisol metabolites was higher in preterm infants before TEA than thereafter (P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite a high production rate of GC precursors in preterm infants, the total GC production remained relatively constant and was regulated at the level of CYP11B1. Persisting differences between preterm and full-term infants in GC precursor levels as well as in GC production were observed, indicating possible programming effects of preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:52:13Z","timestamp":1770900733000},"page":"1908-1919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Glucocorticoid trajectories in preterm infants\u2014born too soon, wired differently"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5081-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Kuiri-H\u00e4nninen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital , 70210 Kuopio ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Kuopio Pediatric Research Unit (KuPRU), University of Eastern Finland , 70210 Kuopio 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