{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:28:46Z","timestamp":1786580926200,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD104599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD104599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little data exist on early and late gestational diabetes (GDM) in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the prevalence of GDM in South Africa, including early and late GDM, and investigated insulin sensitivity, 1st phase insulin secretion, and beta cell function to understand the underlying pathophysiology of glucose metabolism in early and late pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled women with HIV (WWH) and HIV-seronegative women at \u226418 weeks\u2019 gestation. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was administered at enrollment (early) and 32-36 weeks\u2019 gestation (late) to diagnose GDM using WHO criteria. Matsuda, Stumvoll, oral disposition index, and glucose sensitivity from Mari models were calculated. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of HIV with GDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1573 (n = 668 WWH) participants, median age was 28 years, gestation 13 weeks. Overall, 7.9% had GDM (6.7% WWH, 9.1% HIV-seronegative); of these, 65% had early GDM. Women with early GDM had the lowest Matsuda, Stumvoll, oral disposition index, and glucose sensitivity at enrollment compared to those with late GDM and those without GDM. In adjusted analyses, WWH had lower odds of GDM than HIV-seronegative women (adjusted odds ratio: 0.57, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.38-0.85).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDM prevalence in South Africa is similar to North America\/Europe. Early GDM was diagnosed in a large majority of women who also exhibited features of poorer insulin sensitivity and beta cell function than those diagnosed late in pregnancy or without GDM. WWH had lower GDM risk than HIV-seronegative women. Future studies to understand the implications of early GDM in African populations are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T12:40:25Z","timestamp":1773578425000},"page":"2630-2640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gestational diabetes in South African women with HIV and HIV-seronegative women: results from the ORCHID cohort"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL 60611 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL 60611 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3930-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elton","family":"Mukonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7701 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hlengiwe P","family":"Madlala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7701 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7701 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Zerbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman School of Public Health and Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, ICAP at Columbia , NewYork, NY 10032 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Legbedze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60611 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody A","family":"Rusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7701 ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital , Main Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandisiwe","family":"Matyesini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7701 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jami L","family":"Josefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL 60611 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