{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:28:46Z","timestamp":1786580926232,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-19-ICTS-044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-19-ICTS-044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical used in consumer goods that has been linked to type 2 diabetes in observational studies. No human experimental studies have examined whether BPA reduces peripheral insulin sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of oral BPA administration on peripheral insulin sensitivity over 5 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty sedentary, but otherwise healthy adults (22 F, 18 M; 21.3 \u00b1 2.1 year; 22.1 \u00b1 2.3 kg\/m2; 85% non-Hispanic White) completed a 2-day baseline energy-balanced diet low in BPA during which urine, blood, and peripheral insulin sensitivity via 120 minutes euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique (40 mU\/m2\/min; 90 mg\/dL) were assessed. In a double-blind fashion, participants were randomly assigned to receive 5 days of oral BPA administration at 50 \u00b5g\/kg body weight (BPA-50) or placebo (PL). All participants were fed the same energy-balanced diet. Outcomes were assessed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA adjusted for baseline sex, BMI, physical activity, and ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After treatment, urine BPA levels were significantly higher in BPA-50 compared to PL (+ 268 700 \u00b1 63 983 vs PL: + 8893 \u00b1 6786 pg\/mL, P = .009). After treatment, body weight and fasting glucose were not statistically different between PL and BPA-50 (P &amp;gt; .05). However, BPA significantly decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity by 0.02 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/kg\/min\/uU\/mL compared with an increase observed following PL by 0.02 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/kg\/min\/uU\/mL (P = .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BPA administration decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity after 5 days. These data provide the first experimental evidence in humans that BPA administration may reduce insulin sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:40:49Z","timestamp":1773924049000},"page":"2610-2619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bisphenol A decreases peripheral insulin sensitivity in normal weight adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6097-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam D","family":"Seal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7360-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven K","family":"Malin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schaffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah B","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A","family":"Bennion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Keadle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A","family":"Hagobian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9425","DOI":"10.1021\/es102785d","article-title":"Bisphenol A (BPA) in U.S. food","volume":"44","author":"Schecter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10753","article-title":"Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004","volume":"116","author":"Calafat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26868","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026868","article-title":"Urinary bisphenol A and type-2 diabetes in U.S. adults: data from NHANES 2003-2008","volume":"6","author":"Silver","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-013-0472-z","article-title":"Relationship between urinary bisphenol A levels and prediabetes among subjects free of diabetes. Relationship between urinary bisphenol A levels and prediabetes among subjects free of diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Sabanayagam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.07.014","article-title":"Sex differences in the association of urinary bisphenol-A concentration with selected indices of glucose homeostasis among U.S. adults","volume":"24","author":"Beydoun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307201","article-title":"Association of urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites with risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective investigation in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (NHS) and NHSII cohorts","volume":"122","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109675","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol A affects body weight, patterns of estrous cyclicity, and plasma LH levels","volume":"109","author":"Rubin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0386","article-title":"High-fat diet aggravates glucose homeostasis disorder caused by chronic exposure to bisphenol A","volume":"221","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0714","article-title":"Long-term oral exposure to bisphenol A induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance","volume":"226","author":"Moon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.04.011","article-title":"Comparative study of bisphenol A and its analogue bisphenol S on human hepatic cells: a focus on their potential involvement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"70","author":"Peyre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00322","article-title":"Pilot study on the effect of orally administered bisphenol A on glucose and insulin response in nonobese adults","volume":"3","author":"Hagobian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00151","article-title":"Experimental BPA exposure and glucose-stimulated insulin response in adult men and women","volume":"2","author":"Stahlhut","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B13","volume-title":"Chemical Assessment Summary Bisphenol A; CASRN 80-05-7","author":"Agency UEP","year":"1988"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181d9d421","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials","volume":"115","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(98)00100-X","article-title":"The Harris\u2013Benedict studies of human basal metabolism: history and limitations","volume":"98","author":"Frankenfield","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.5746","article-title":"Randomized intervention trial to decrease bisphenol A urine concentrations in women: pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Hagobian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700014379","article-title":"Factor analysis of a sleep evaluation questionnaire","volume":"8","author":"Parrott","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631668","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.631668","article-title":"Revised short screening version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) from the German general population","volume":"12","author":"Petrowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.19.5.485","article-title":"The effect of carbohydrate gels on gastrointestinal tolerance during a 16-km run","volume":"19","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000289","article-title":"Age group comparability of raw accelerometer output from wrist- and hip-worn monitors","volume":"46","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1123\/jmpb.2018-0063","article-title":"GGIR: a research community-driven open source R package for generating physical activity and sleep outcomes from multi-day raw accelerometer data","volume":"2","author":"Migueles","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Meas Phys Behav"},{"key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2020.100549","article-title":"Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial examining oral administration of bisphenol A on hepatic glucose production and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in adults","volume":"17","author":"Hagobian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1519","article-title":"Muscle and liver insulin resistance indexes derived from the oral glucose tolerance test","volume":"30","author":"Abdul-Ghani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02597.x","article-title":"Strong association between insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle in non-diabetic subjects","volume":"25","author":"Abdul-Ghani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23229","article-title":"A single bout of exercise improves vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity","volume":"29","author":"Heiston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23116","article-title":"Importance of changes in adipose tissue insulin resistance to histological response during thiazolidinedione treatment of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"50","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.06.008","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of bisphenol A in humans following a single oral administration","volume":"83","author":"Thayer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1021\/tx025548t","article-title":"Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol A in humans at low doses following oral administration","volume":"15","author":"Volkel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4503","article-title":"Multiple imputation for left-censored biomarker data based on Gibbs sampling method","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B32","first-page":"E214","article-title":"Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance","volume":"237","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033814","article-title":"Short-term treatment with bisphenol-A leads to metabolic abnormalities in adult male mice","volume":"7","author":"Batista","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3822","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1682","article-title":"Relationship between urinary bisphenol A levels and diabetes mellitus","volume":"96","author":"Shankar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135000","article-title":"Association between bisphenol A exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes: a longitudinal approach","volume":"476","author":"Costa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8451","article-title":"The estrogenic effect of bisphenol A disrupts pancreatic beta-cell function in vivo and induces insulin resistance","volume":"114","author":"Alonso-Magdalena","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2020.106884","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A at the intersection of stress, anxiety, and depression","volume":"79","author":"Wiersielis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5466","article-title":"Bisphenol-A and sleep adequacy among adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys","volume":"39","author":"Beydoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2012.10.012","article-title":"Systematic review of dietary interventions with college students: directions for future research and practice","volume":"45","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Educ Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081219563650700_dgag124-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25078","DOI":"10.4161\/endo.26490","article-title":"Low dose effects of bisphenol A: an integrated review of in vitro, laboratory animal, and epidemiology studies","volume":"1","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine Disruptors"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag124\/67473085\/dgag124.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/9\/2610\/67473085\/dgag124.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/9\/2610\/67473085\/dgag124.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:56:49Z","timestamp":1786579009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/111\/9\/2610\/8537216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag124","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]}}}