{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:45:52Z","timestamp":1790649952136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018956","name":"Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the majority (&amp;gt;95%) of patients with acromegaly, the underlying cause is a somatotroph adenoma. Pituitary-targeted surgery and radiotherapy can achieve long-term disease control but carry a significant adverse risk to the remaining normal gland, especially if undertaken outside a Pituitary Tumor Center of Excellence or when repeat surgery is performed. Maximizing benefits and minimizing the risks of pituitary surgery and radiotherapy is critically dependent on high-quality imaging that allows accurate localization of site(s) of either de novo, residual, or recurrent disease. Macroadenomas continue to predominate among somatotroph tumors (70%), but more widespread use of intracranial imaging leads to earlier detection of smaller adenomas, posing new challenges for imaging diagnostics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Despite several comprehensive guidelines on the management of acromegaly, there is little consensus regarding optimal imaging, and current scanning protocols remain heterogeneous. This serves as a barrier to optimal patient management and constrains comparison between centers, with inevitable consequences for research within the field. Here, based on a comprehensive review of previous studies and focusing on recent advances in magnetic resonance and molecular (functional) imaging techniques, we propose a standardized, tiered approach to pituitary imaging in patients with acromegaly, guided by individual patient features and tailored to the anticipated therapeutic approach. An online tool, which can be adapted to the clinical context, is provided as an aid to decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T11:31:05Z","timestamp":1776771065000},"page":"S89-S106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pituitary adenoma imaging as a determinant of acromegaly diagnosis and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-0427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linus","family":"Haberbosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Endocrine Molecular Imaging Group, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN) , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charit\u00e9 Junior Digital Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"MacFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Endocrine Molecular Imaging Group, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gillett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Endocrine Molecular Imaging Group, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Howarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Endocrine Molecular Imaging Group, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heok","family":"Cheow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Hubertus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charit\u00e9 Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcliz","family":"Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charit\u00e9 Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leontine","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden 2333 ZA ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Verstegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden 2333 ZA ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6879-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenka","family":"Pereira Arias-Bouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden 2333 ZA ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke","family":"Biermasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charit\u00e9 Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Buchfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen 91054 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7905-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian J","family":"Strasburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (Endo-ERN) , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Gurnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Endocrine Molecular Imaging Group, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge CB2 0QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0216","article-title":"Global epidemiology of acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"185","author":"Crisafulli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz096","article-title":"A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly comorbidities: an update","volume":"105","author":"Giustina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1668","article-title":"High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium","volume":"91","author":"Daly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03667.x","article-title":"Prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a community-based, cross-sectional study in Banbury (Oxfordshire, UK)","volume":"72","author":"Fernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0537","article-title":"Incidence of pituitary adenomas in Northern Finland in 1992-2007","volume":"95","author":"Raappana","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00244-3","article-title":"Acromegaly: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"10","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0253","article-title":"Acromegaly at diagnosis in 3173 patients from the Liege Acromegaly Survey (LAS) database","volume":"24","author":"Petrossians","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2149","article-title":"Extensive clinical experience: changing patterns in diagnosis and therapy of acromegaly over two decades","volume":"93","author":"Nachtigall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0035","article-title":"Clinical features and complications of acromegaly at diagnosis are not all the same: data from two large referral centers","volume":"10","author":"Varlamov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ22-0066","article-title":"Subclinical acromegaly: to treat or not to treat?","volume":"69","author":"Shimon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.JNS18595","article-title":"The medial wall of the cavernous sinus. Part 2: selective medial wall resection in 50 pituitary adenoma patients","volume":"131","author":"Cohen-Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.2.JNS204440","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for secretory pituitary adenomas: systematic review and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society practice recommendations","volume":"136","author":"Mathieu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051438","article-title":"Efficiency and safety of CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery in the multimodal management of patients with acromegaly","volume":"15","author":"Romero-Gameros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0639","article-title":"Successful treatment of residual pituitary adenoma in persistent acromegaly following localisation by 11C-methionine PET co-registered with MRI","volume":"175","author":"Koulouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0840","article-title":"T2-signal intensity, SSTR expression, and somatostatin analogs efficacy predict response to pasireotide in acromegaly","volume":"182","author":"Coopmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0910","article-title":"Pituitary tumor size in acromegaly during pegvisomant treatment: experience from MR re-evaluations of the German Pegvisomant Observational Study","volume":"161","author":"Buchfelder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2531-x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of pituitary adenomas","volume":"15","author":"Bonneville","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1239","article-title":"Tumor volume of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas during treatment with pegvisomant: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"95","author":"Buhk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01360-1","article-title":"Consensus on criteria for acromegaly diagnosis and remission","volume":"27","author":"Giustina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2508","article-title":"Long-term safety of pegvisomant in patients with acromegaly: comprehensive review of 1288 subjects in ACROSTUDY","volume":"97","author":"van der Lely","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0333","article-title":"Which patients with acromegaly are treated with pegvisomant? An overview of methodology and baseline data in ACROSTUDY","volume":"161","author":"Brue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01344-1","article-title":"Changing presentation of acromegaly in half a century: a single-center experience","volume":"26","author":"Demir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-024-01387-y","article-title":"Changes in multi-modality management of acromegaly in a tertiary centre over 2 decades","volume":"27","author":"Amodru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.05.009","article-title":"Quantification of specific growth patterns and frequency of the empty sella phenomenon in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"104","author":"Bier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.08.012","article-title":"Growth hormone secreting pituitary microadenomas and empty sella\u2013an under-recognized association?","volume":"126","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-16-0356","article-title":"T2-weighted MRI signal predicts hormone and tumor responses to somatostatin analogs in acromegaly","volume":"23","author":"Potorac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae053","article-title":"Effectiveness of combined first-line medical treatment in acromegaly with prolactin cosecretion","volume":"190","author":"Biagetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01873-9","article-title":"Predictors of postoperative biochemical remission in lower Knosp grade growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: a large single center study","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.012","article-title":"Outcomes of aggressive surgical resection in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas with cavernous Sinus invasion","volume":"117","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-024-01432-w","article-title":"Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of patients with acromegaly according to tumor size at diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Del Corso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03441.x","article-title":"Octreotide LAR vs. surgery in newly diagnosed patients with acromegaly: a randomized, open-label, multicentre study","volume":"70","author":"Colao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2022.101521","article-title":"The coexistence of newly diagnosed acromegaly with primary empty sella: more frequent than expected?","volume":"68","author":"Urhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2110","article-title":"Predictors of tumor shrinkage after primary therapy with somatostatin analogs in acromegaly: a prospective study in 99 patients","volume":"91","author":"Colao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02825.x","article-title":"A prospective, multicentre study to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of octreotide LAR (long-acting repeatable octreotide) in the primary therapy of patients with acromegaly","volume":"66","author":"Mercado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5258","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030266","article-title":"Lanreotide 60 mg, a new long-acting formulation: effectiveness in the chronic treatment of acromegaly","volume":"88","author":"Attanasio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1450137","article-title":"Effects of preoperative octreotide treatment on different subtypes of 90 GH-secreting pituitary adenomas and outcome in one surgical centre","volume":"145","author":"Abe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14946","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of therapeutic response to pasireotide in acromegaly","volume":"99","author":"Ruiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-05977-4","article-title":"Is radiomics a useful addition to magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative classification of PitNETs?","volume":"166","author":"Sathya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851241246107","article-title":"Unravelling pituitary tumours in medically treated patients with acromegaly: the impact of systematic MRI reassessment","volume":"65","author":"Atai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Radiologica"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1441745","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative assessment of a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor's T2-signal intensity in acromegaly\u2013a call for unification","volume":"15","author":"Godlewska-Nowak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2347","article-title":"Primary treatment of acromegaly with octreotide LAR: a long-term (up to nine years) prospective study of its efficacy in the control of disease activity and tumor shrinkage","volume":"91","author":"Cozzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.7.FOCUS10167","article-title":"Pure endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for treatment of acromegaly: results of 67 cases treated in a pituitary center","volume":"29","author":"Gondim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3318","article-title":"Tumor shrinkage with lanreotide Autogel 120 mg as primary therapy in acromegaly: results of a prospective multicenter clinical trial","volume":"99","author":"Caron","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2272","article-title":"Pasireotide (SOM230) demonstrates efficacy and safety in patients with acromegaly: a randomized, multicenter, phase II trial","volume":"95","author":"Petersenn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.10.4283","article-title":"Effect of octreotide pretreatment on surgical outcome in acromegaly","volume":"82","author":"Colao","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-203","article-title":"Effect of presurgical long-acting octreotide treatment in acromegaly patients with invasive pituitary macroadenomas: a prospective randomized study","volume":"57","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02878.x","article-title":"Long-term (up to 18 years) effects on GH\/IGF-1 hypersecretion and tumour size of primary somatostatin analogue (SSTa) therapy in patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma responsive to SSTa","volume":"67","author":"Maiza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02467.x","article-title":"First-line octreotide-LAR therapy induces tumour shrinkage and controls hormone excess in patients with acromegaly: results from an open, prospective, multicentre trial","volume":"64","author":"Colao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.53.125","article-title":"Short-term preoperative octreotide treatment of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma: predictors of tumor shrinkage","volume":"53","author":"Oshino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.03982.x","article-title":"Six-month preoperative octreotide treatment in unselected, de novo patients with acromegaly: effect on biochemistry, tumour volume, and postoperative cure","volume":"74","author":"Carlsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.11.107","article-title":"Analysis of diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted imaging in the prediction of distinct granulation patterns of somatotroph adenomas","volume":"182","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343583","article-title":"Long-term treatment of acromegaly with the somatostatin analogue SR-lanreotide","volume":"22","author":"Suliman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0478-0","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of subcutaneous pasireotide in acromegaly: results from an open-ended, multicenter, phase II extension study","volume":"17","author":"Petersenn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ12-0417","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of sustained-release lanreotide (lanreotide Autogel) in Japanese patients with acromegaly or pituitary gigantism","volume":"60","author":"Shimatsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02299-7","article-title":"Long-term pasireotide therapy in acromegaly: extensive real-life experience of a referral center","volume":"47","author":"Pirchio","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.14.7.846","article-title":"Effects of lanreotide autogel on growth hormone, insulinlike growth factor 1, and tumor size in acromegaly: a 1-year prospective multicenter study","volume":"14","author":"Attanasio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4554","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2001-012012","article-title":"Primary medical therapy for acromegaly: an open, prospective, multicenter study of the effects of subcutaneous and intramuscular slow-release octreotide on growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and tumor size","volume":"87","author":"Bevan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B58","first-page":"3034","article-title":"Octreotide as primary therapy for acromegaly","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.7.FOCUS10153","article-title":"Outcomes after a purely endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"29","author":"Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.7.FOCUS10173","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"29","author":"Hofstetter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01970","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery in acromegaly investigated by intraoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"153","author":"Fahlbusch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0300-0664.2001.01438.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of lanreotide SR and octreotide LAR on tumour shrinkage and GH hypersecretion in patients with previously untreated acromegaly","volume":"56","author":"Amato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B63","first-page":"18","article-title":"Three year follow-up of acromegalic patients treated with intramuscular slow-release lanreotide","volume":"82","author":"Caron","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012832230598","article-title":"Lanreotide 60 mg, a longer-acting somatostatin analog: tumor shrinkage and hormonal normalization in acromegaly","volume":"3","author":"Cozzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-978625","article-title":"Results of a two-year treatment with slow release lanreotide in acromegaly","volume":"32","author":"Cannav\u00f2","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1239506","article-title":"The efficacy of octreotide LAR as firstline therapy for patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly is independent of tumor extension: predictive factors of tumor and biochemical response","volume":"42","author":"Luque-Ramirez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.11.011","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of coregistered 11C-methionine positron emission tomography\/3-T magnetic resonance imaging at the follow-up of acromegaly","volume":"82","author":"Rodriguez-Barcelo","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS141083","article-title":"Invasion of the cavernous sinus space in pituitary adenomas: endoscopic verification and its correlation with an MRI-based classification","volume":"122","author":"Micko","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100007800","article-title":"Outcome of stereotactic radiotherapy for patients with uncontrolled acromegaly","volume":"36","author":"Imran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.15079","article-title":"18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine PET co-registered with MRI in patients with persisting acromegaly","volume":"101","author":"Bakker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6823(1998)6:1<26::AID-ROI4>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: usefulness of combined transsphenoidal and gamma knife radiosurgery for adenomas invading the cavernous sinus","volume":"6","author":"Ikeda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.02.003","article-title":"Serial follow-up of presurgical treatment using pasireotide long-acting release with or without octreotide long-acting release for na\u00efve active acromegaly","volume":"115","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.JNS09182","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas invading the cavernous sinus","volume":"112","author":"Ceylan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340100559","article-title":"Concomitant pituitary adenoma and Rathke\u2019s cleft cyst","volume":"43","author":"Sumida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-24-0378","article-title":"Typical morphological characteristics of the immunohistochemical subtypes of pituitary microadenomas: a dual center study","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636\u2013","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.17.4.636","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly-2011 update","volume":"17","author":"Katznelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2700","article-title":"Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"99","author":"Katznelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01091-7","article-title":"A pituitary society update to acromegaly management guidelines","volume":"24","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1373-4087","article-title":"First German guideline on diagnostics and therapy of clinically non-functioning pituitary tumors","volume":"129","author":"Deutschbein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.4.797","article-title":"MR imaging of pituitary adenoma: CT, clinical, and surgical correlation","volume":"148","author":"Davis","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)80470-2","article-title":"A comparison of CT and MRI in the assessment of the pituitary and parasellar region","volume":"43","author":"Guy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01296-4","article-title":"Predictive model of surgical remission in acromegaly: age, presurgical GH levels and Knosp grade as the best predictors of surgical remission","volume":"44","author":"Araujo-Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B83","first-page":"610","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings","volume":"33","author":"Knosp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.05.002","article-title":"Modern imaging of pituitary adenomas","volume":"33","author":"Bashari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0924-0","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 awareness of gadolinium retention and MRI timing practices in the longitudinal management of pituitary tumors: a \u201cPituitary Society\u201d survey","volume":"22","author":"Nachtigall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0928-9","article-title":"A plea for the T2W MR sequence for pituitary imaging","volume":"22","author":"Bonneville","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2421","article-title":"Guidelines for acromegaly management: an update","volume":"94","author":"Melmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-992764","article-title":"Anatomic variations of the sphenoid sinus and their impact on trans-sphenoid pituitary surgery","volume":"18","author":"Hamid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02204-9","article-title":"A prolapsing pituitary adenoma","volume":"67","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.05.011","article-title":"Endoscopic surgery for pituitary tumors","volume":"49","author":"van Furth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.08.006","article-title":"The value of high-field MRI (3T) in the assessment of sellar lesions","volume":"54","author":"Pinker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.2.0278","article-title":"Application of three-tesla magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and surgery of sellar lesions","volume":"100","author":"Wolfsberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819949-7.00005-6","volume-title":"Pituitary Tumors: A Comprehensive and Interdisciplinary Approach","author":"St\u00f6rmann","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B94","first-page":"49","article-title":"Improved detection of cavernous sinus invasion of pituitary macroadenomas with ultra-high-field 7 T MRI","volume":"13","author":"Eisenhut","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59602-4.00011-3","article-title":"Imaging of pituitary pathology","volume":"124","author":"Buchfelder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"special issue 2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/74316620","article-title":"Multicentre imaging measurements for oncology and in the brain","volume":"84","author":"Tofts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0350","article-title":"The German ACROSTUDY: past and present","volume":"161","author":"Buchfelder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2020.06.002","article-title":"Advances in the imaging of pituitary tumors","volume":"49","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0788-8","article-title":"T2-weighted MRI signal intensity as a predictor of hormonal and tumoral responses to somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly: a perspective","volume":"20","author":"Potorac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0254","article-title":"MRI T2 signal intensity and tumor response in patients with GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma: PRIMARYS post-hoc analysis","volume":"180","author":"Bonneville","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0766-8","article-title":"Quantitative analyses of T2-weighted MRI as a potential marker for response to somatostatin analogs in newly diagnosed acromegaly","volume":"52","author":"Heck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4973","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0573","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of response to somatostatin analogs in acromegaly after surgical failure","volume":"95","author":"Puig-Domingo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5876-2","article-title":"Predicting response to somatostatin analogues in acromegaly: machine learning-based high-dimensional quantitative texture analysis on T2-weighted MRI","volume":"29","author":"Kocak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01077-5","article-title":"Radiomics model predicts granulation pattern in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.648411","article-title":"Pasireotide in the personalized treatment of acromegaly","volume":"12","author":"Puig-Domingo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600307","article-title":"Evaluation of the pituitary gland using magnetic resonance imaging: T1-weighted vs. VIBE imaging","volume":"26","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.12.036","article-title":"Three-dimensional gradient echo versus spin echo sequence in contrast-enhanced imaging of the pituitary gland at 3 T","volume":"79","author":"Kakite","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01035-1","article-title":"Optimizing MR imaging for intraoperative image guidance in sellar pathologies","volume":"23","author":"Micko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0860","article-title":"Identification of the normal jugular foramen and lower cranial nerve anatomy: contrast-enhanced 3D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MR imaging","volume":"29","author":"Davagnanam","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.9.JNS171699","article-title":"Superiority of constructive interference in steady-state MRI sequencing over T1-weighted MRI sequencing for evaluating cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary macroadenomas","volume":"130","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01122-3","article-title":"Diagnostic value of Knosp grade and modified Knosp grade for cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111363","article-title":"Delineation of optic nerves and chiasm in close proximity to large suprasellar tumors with contrast-enhanced FIESTA MR imaging","volume":"264","author":"Watanabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5394","article-title":"Pituitary macroadenoma and visual impairment: postoperative outcome prediction with contrast-enhanced FIESTA","volume":"38","author":"Hisanaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02320-2","article-title":"A pilot study of combined optical coherence tomography and diffusion tensor imaging method for evaluating microstructural change in the visual pathway of pituitary adenoma patients","volume":"22","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0706-5","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography detects tumoral consistency in pituitary macroadenomas","volume":"19","author":"Hughes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.6.JNS204425","article-title":"Predicting pituitary adenoma consistency with preoperative magnetic resonance elastography","volume":"136","author":"Cohen-Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab901","article-title":"Pituitary MRI standard and advanced sequences: role in the diagnosis and characterization of pituitary adenomas","volume":"107","author":"Gadelha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2013.05.012","article-title":"Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in assessment of pituitary macroadenoma consistency","volume":"44","author":"Mohamed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt J Radiol Nuc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2383042204","article-title":"Pituitary macroadenomas: preoperative evaluation of consistency with diffusion-weighted MR imaging\u2014initial experience","volume":"239","author":"Pierallini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2007.06.007","article-title":"Apparent diffusion coefficient of pituitary macroadenoma evaluated with line-scan diffusion-weighted imaging","volume":"34","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.05.023","article-title":"Role of PROPELLER diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient in the evaluation of pituitary adenomas","volume":"80","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01377-6","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging does not seem to be a predictor of consistency in pituitary adenomas","volume":"27","author":"Barbosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01129-4","article-title":"Virtual magnetic resonance elastography has the feasibility to evaluate preoperative pituitary adenoma consistency","volume":"24","author":"Lagerstrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0516-y","article-title":"Intracranial internal carotid artery changes in acromegaly: a quantitative magnetic resonance angiography study","volume":"17","author":"Manara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-01023-0","article-title":"MRI texture analysis in acromegaly and its role in predicting response to somatostatin receptor ligands","volume":"23","author":"Galm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01134-8","article-title":"Pituitary incidentaloma: a pituitary society international consensus guideline statement","volume":"21","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000442328","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for pituitary adenomas","volume":"45","author":"Buchfelder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Horm Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E14","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2072","article-title":"Ten years\u2019 experience with intraoperative MRI-assisted transsphenoidal pituitary surgery","volume":"48","author":"Hlavac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.4.JNS20178","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical outcomes using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas","volume":"134","author":"Juthani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.04.056","article-title":"Analysis of 137 patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection under high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging navigation","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04286-w","article-title":"Multicenter external validation of the Zurich pituitary score","volume":"162","author":"Staartjes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.oa.2020-0060","article-title":"Impact of intraoperative 3-tesla MRI on endonasal endoscopic pituitary adenoma resection and a proposed new scoring system for predicting the utility of intraoperative MRI","volume":"60","author":"Tanji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0620-7","article-title":"Intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography for identification of pituitary adenomas using a microscopic transsphenoidal approach","volume":"18","author":"Sandow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.04.126","article-title":"Intraoperative ultrasonography in pituitary surgery revisited: an institutional experience and systematic review on applications and considerations","volume":"176","author":"Aghili","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06947-9","article-title":"Fluorescence detection of pituitary neuroendocrine tumour during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery using bevacizumab-800CW: a non-randomised, non-blinded, single centre feasibility and dose finding trial (DEPARTURE trial)","volume":"52","author":"Schmidt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.30.5.056002","article-title":"First-in-human pilot study of snapshot multispectral endoscopy for delineation of pituitary adenoma","volume":"30","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032141","article-title":"Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging is not required in the postoperative follow-up of acromegalic patients with long-term biochemical cure after transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"89","author":"Zirkzee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.266446","article-title":"Dual role for l-[methyl-11C]-methionine PET in acromegaly: confirming remission and detecting recurrence","volume":"65","author":"Haberbosch","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0616","article-title":"Long-term treatment with pegvisomant: observations from 2090 acromegaly patients in ACROSTUDY","volume":"179","author":"Buchfelder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31815ade45","article-title":"Pituitary tumors and hyperplasia in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN1): a case-control study in a series of 77 patients versus 2509 non-MEN1 patients","volume":"32","author":"Trouillas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E373","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2556","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses in patients with germ-line AIP mutations and pituitary adenomas: an international collaborative study","volume":"95","author":"Daly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(95)80014-X","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor imaging of neuroendocrine tumors with indium-111 pentetreotide (Octreoscan)","volume":"25","author":"Olsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.3361119.x","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor imaging in somatotroph and non-functioning pituitary adenomas: correlation with hormonal and visual responses to octreotide","volume":"47","author":"Borson-Chazot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2003.11.022","article-title":"The role of somatostatin receptors in the medical treatment of acromegaly","volume":"36","author":"Vitale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B145","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Preoperative octreotide treatment of growth hormone-secreting and clinically nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas: effect on tumor volume and lack of correlation with immunohistochemistry and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy","volume":"79","author":"Pl\u00f6ckinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01390518","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with pituitary adenoma","volume":"20","author":"Rieger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1360369","article-title":"Results of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy do not predict pituitary tumor volume-and hormone-response to octreotide therapy and do not correlate with tumor histology","volume":"136","author":"Pl\u00f6ckinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"926","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/51245688","article-title":"The role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with pituitary adenoma or post-surgical recurrent tumours","volume":"78","author":"Acosta-G\u00f3mez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9790-0","article-title":"Ectopic acromegaly due to growth hormone releasing hormone","volume":"43","author":"Ghazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.191916","article-title":"PET\/MRI in the diagnosis of hormone-producing pituitary microadenoma: a prospective pilot study","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01523-6","article-title":"Evaluation of 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake at the pituitary region and the biochemical response to somatostatin analogs in acromegaly","volume":"44","author":"Daniel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B152","first-page":"322","article-title":"Comparative PET imaging for radiosurgical target delineation in residual acromegaly","volume":"67","author":"Hesse","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06728-4","article-title":"EANM position on positron emission tomography in suspected functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"51","author":"Van Weehaeghe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-005-1882-0","article-title":"11C-methionine PET for the diagnosis and management of recurrent pituitary adenomas","volume":"33","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01229-9","article-title":"(11)C-methionine PET aids localization of microprolactinomas in patients with intolerance or resistance to dopamine agonist therapy","volume":"25","author":"Bashari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01230-2","article-title":"Implementation of functional imaging using (11)C-methionine PET-CT co-registered with MRI for advanced surgical planning and decision making in prolactinoma surgery","volume":"25","author":"Bakker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2052","article-title":"PET-guided repeat transsphenoidal surgery for previously deemed unresectable lateral disease in acromegaly","volume":"48","author":"Bashari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae028","article-title":"Real-world experience with 11C-methionine PET in the management of acromegaly","volume":"190","author":"Haberbosch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2022.97","article-title":"Empty sella in a patient with clinical and biochemical diagnosis of acromegaly","volume":"18","author":"Bestepe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Buchar)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0838-2","article-title":"Criteria for the definition of pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE): a pituitary society statement","volume":"20","author":"Casanueva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1987.tb00805.x","article-title":"Acromegaly","volume":"26","author":"Nabarro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3313","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac274","article-title":"Pituitary MRI features in acromegaly resulting from ectopic GHRH secretion from a neuroendocrine tumor: analysis of 30 cases","volume":"107","author":"Potorac","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200723","article-title":"Thin-slice pituitary MRI with deep learning-based reconstruction: diagnostic performance in a postoperative setting","volume":"298","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab371","article-title":"Development and evaluation of deep learning-based automated segmentation of pituitary adenoma in clinical task","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02266-1","article-title":"Prediction of high proliferative index in pituitary macroadenomas using MRI-based radiomics and machine learning","volume":"61","author":"Ugga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2026060410081330400_dgag179-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.108647","article-title":"Development and validation of an MRI-based radiomic signature for the preoperative prediction of treatment response in patients with invasive functional pituitary adenoma","volume":"121","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag179\/68154775\/dgag179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/Supplement_1\/S89\/68154775\/dgag179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/Supplement_1\/S89\/68154775\/dgag179.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:08:44Z","timestamp":1780582124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/111\/Supplement_1\/S89\/8661978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":166,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]}}}