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Measurements were harmonized to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference measurement procedure (RMP) by re-assaying a subset of samples for each cohort and generating recalibration equations. Reference intervals were determined for all women, non-obese women, and specific BMI categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estradiol concentrations from separate LC-MS\/MS assays correlated closely with the CDC RMP, and harmonization minimized inter-assay variability. Estradiol concentrations correlated with BMI but not with chronological age. The reference range (2.5th-97.5th percentile) was 1.1-18.2 pg\/mL (4.0-66.8 pmol\/L) with median of 4.9 pg\/mL (18.0 pmol\/L) for all postmenopausal women and 1.1-12.5 pg\/mL (4.0-45.9 pmol\/L) with median of 4.1 pg\/mL (15.1 pmol\/L) for non-obese women (BMI &amp;lt; 30). Reference ranges increased progressively with higher BMI categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-calibration of estradiol measurements with the CDC RP enabled the development of harmonized plasma estradiol reference ranges for postmenopausal women who were not using exogenous estrogens, suitable for future studies to establish clinical utility. Increasing obesity in postmenopausal women was associated with increasing estradiol concentration and BMI category-specific reference ranges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T11:42:50Z","timestamp":1778326970000},"page":"2745-2755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Establishment of harmonized international reference ranges for plasma estradiol concentrations in postmenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jinghan","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA 01003 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-3767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan 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