{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:45:04Z","timestamp":1792111504025,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a common, genetically determined lipoprotein that is independently associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and calcific aortic stenosis. Because Lp(a) levels are stable over time and minimally influenced by lifestyle, the 2026 ACC\/AHA\/Multisociety Dyslipidemia Guideline now recommends one-time measurement in all adults and cascade screening in high-risk families; as a result, endocrinologists can expect to encounter and manage elevated Lp(a) frequently in routine clinical practice. Despite its clinical importance, no approved drug therapies specifically targeting Lp(a) yet exist; therefore, management should currently focus on aggressive optimization of traditional risk factors, particularly LDL-C lowering with statins and selective use of adjunctive therapies such as PCSK9 inhibitors and lipid apheresis. Emerging evidence suggests a potential benefit of selective aspirin use, while novel therapeutics\u2014antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs\u2014which robustly lower Lp(a) are currently being tested in phase 3 clinical trials. We present case-based examples to highlight practical approaches to risk assessment and management of elevated Lp(a).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:46:45Z","timestamp":1784116005000},"page":"3286-3295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Approach to the patient with elevated lipoprotein(a)"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"McGinnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R","family":"Saxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq386","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status","volume":"31","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"39","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac361","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement","volume":"43","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.038","article-title":"Elevated lipoprotein(a) and risk of aortic valve stenosis in the general population","volume":"63","author":"Kamstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000147","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a): a genetically determined, causal, and prevalent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"42","author":"Reyes-Soffer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315291","article-title":"Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) concentrations and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: new insights from a large national biobank","volume":"41","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"10459","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01308-4","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease","volume":"404","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308011","article-title":"Prevalence of elevated Lp(a) mass levels and patient thresholds in 532 359 patients in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Varvel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R051904","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a): impact by ethnicity and environmental and medical conditions","volume":"57","author":"Enkhmaa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002060","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels in a global population with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Nissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.016","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) variability over time in adult lipid clinic patients","volume":"359","author":"Shamsudeen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae341","article-title":"Intra-individual variability in lipoprotein(a) levels: findings from a large academic health system population","volume":"32","author":"Awad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"oeae064","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeae064","article-title":"Intra-individual variability in lipoprotein(a): the value of a repeat measure for reclassifying individuals at intermediate risk","volume":"4","author":"Harb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1154","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001423","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/AACVPR\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of dyslipidemia: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"153","author":"Writing Committee Members","year":"2026","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.01.029","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and venous thromboembolism in adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"Sofi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-031023-100609","article-title":"LP(a): structure, genetics, associated cardiovascular risk, and emerging therapeutics","volume":"64","author":"Tasdighi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.121.003489","article-title":"Genome-wide characterization of a highly penetrant form of hyperlipoprotein(a)emia associated with genetically elevated cardiovascular risk","volume":"15","author":"Coassin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Genomic Precis Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033654","article-title":"Genetics and pathophysiological mechanisms of lipoprotein(a)-associated cardiovascular risk","volume":"13","author":"Volgman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.042","article-title":"A test in context: lipoprotein(a): diagnosis, prognosis, controversies, and emerging therapies","volume":"69","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa674","article-title":"Lipid management in patients with endocrine disorders: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"105","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.03.001","article-title":"A focused update to the 2019 NLA scientific statement on use of lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Koschinsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B22","first-page":"e1082","article-title":"AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014","article-title":"ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"290","author":"Mach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B24","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults","volume":"37","author":"Pearson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2023.100420","article-title":"Reducing saturated fat intake lowers LDL-C but increases Lp(a) levels in African Americans: the GET-READI feeding trial","volume":"64","author":"Law","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.006","article-title":"Non-genetic influences on lipoprotein(a) concentrations","volume":"349","author":"Enkhmaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2024.100588","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and diet: consuming sugar-sweetened beverages lowers lipoprotein(a) levels in obese and overweight adults","volume":"65","author":"Law","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz310","article-title":"Statin therapy increases lipoprotein(a) levels","volume":"41","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120420","article-title":"Effect of lipid-lowering therapies on lipoprotein(a) levels: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"408","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwab171","article-title":"Statin therapy and lipoprotein(a) levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"de Boer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105275","article-title":"Effect of different types and dosages of statins on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels: a network meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"10155","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31652-0","article-title":"Baseline and on-statin treatment lipoprotein(a) levels for prediction of cardiovascular events: individual patient-data meta-analysis of statin outcome trials","volume":"392","author":"Willeit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069556","article-title":"Independence of lipoprotein(a) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-mediated cardiovascular risk: a participant-level meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Bhatia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004406","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) concentrations, rosuvastatin therapy, and residual vascular risk: an analysis from the JUPITER Trial (Justification for the Use of Statins in prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin)","volume":"129","author":"Khera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037184","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a), PCSK9 inhibition, and cardiovascular risk","volume":"139","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"44","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4245","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa649","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) lowering by alirocumab reduces the total burden of cardiovascular events independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial","volume":"41","author":"Szarek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e304","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000177","article-title":"Lipoprotein apheresis: utility, outcomes, and implementation in clinical practice: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"44","author":"Gianos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B38","volume-title":"Expanded Indication for LIPOSORBER\u00ae LA-15 System","author":"Liposorber","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118601","article-title":"The German lipoprotein apheresis registry-summary of the eleventh annual report","volume":"398","author":"Schettler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100675","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and benefit of antiplatelet therapy: insights from the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807925","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.807925","article-title":"Benefit and risk of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) concentrations","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.032","article-title":"Effect of pelacarsen on lipoprotein(a) cholesterol and corrected low-density lipoprotein cholesterol","volume":"79","author":"Yeang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211023","article-title":"Small interfering RNA to reduce lipoprotein(a) in cardiovascular disease","volume":"387","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415818","article-title":"Lepodisiran\u2014a long-duration small interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a)","volume":"392","author":"Nissen","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21957","article-title":"Zerlasiran\u2014a small-interfering RNA targeting lipoprotein(a): a phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"332","author":"Nissen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.24017","article-title":"Oral muvalaplin for lowering of lipoprotein(a): a randomized clinical trial","volume":"333","author":"Nicholls","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B47","author":"Amgen"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.1470","article-title":"Association of LPA variants with risk of coronary disease and the implications for lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"3","author":"Burgess","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1041","article-title":"Estimation of the required lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapeutic effect size for reduction in coronary heart disease outcomes: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"4","author":"Lamina","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2025.03.019","article-title":"Design and rationale of Lp(a)HORIZON trial: assessing the effect of lipoprotein(a) lowering with pelacarsen on major cardiovascular events in patients with CVD and elevated Lp(a)","volume":"287","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B51","author":"Eli Lilly and Company"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.4983","article-title":"Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease: US preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"327","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804988","article-title":"Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus","volume":"379","author":"ASCEND Study Collaborative Group","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S207","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S010","article-title":"10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025","volume":"48","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001040","article-title":"Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"145","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033562","article-title":"Aspirin and cardiovascular risk in individuals with elevated lipoprotein(a): the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Bhatia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.07.027","article-title":"Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in relation to lipoprotein(a) genotypes","volume":"80","author":"Lacaze","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2024.100674","article-title":"Aspirin use for primary prevention among US adults with and without elevated lipoprotein(a)","volume":"18","author":"Razavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000951","article-title":"Effectiveness of cascade screening for elevated lipoprotein(a), an underdiagnosed family disorder","volume":"35","author":"Annink","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa672","article-title":"Treatment of thyroid dysfunction and serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Kotwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402306","article-title":"The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system","volume":"340","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B62","first-page":"2633","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of serum lipoprotein(a) levels: effects of parenteral administration of estrogen or testosterone in males","volume":"81","author":"Berglund","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1233","article-title":"Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and\/or metabolic syndrome (the TIMES2 study)","volume":"34","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr025","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cardiovascular disease risk markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Toulis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115699","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of serum Lp(a) levels. Opposite effects after estrogen treatment and orchidectomy in males with prostatic carcinoma","volume":"89","author":"Henriksson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793953","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/793953","article-title":"Connecting the lines between hypogonadism and atherosclerosis","volume":"2012","author":"Fahed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.8.1176","article-title":"Effects of androgen suppression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and flutamide on lipid metabolism in men with prostate cancer: focus on lipoprotein(a)","volume":"42","author":"Denti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.2.296","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment of growth hormone-deficient adults results in a marked increase in Lp(a) and HDL cholesterol concentrations","volume":"13","author":"Ed\u00e9n","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb J Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2021.101393","article-title":"Growth hormone replacement may influence the biological action of thyroid hormone on liver and bone tissue","volume":"57-58","author":"Glynn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res Off J Growth Horm Res Soc Int IGF Res Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00426-8","article-title":"LDL physical properties, lipoprotein and Lp(a) levels in acromegalic patients. Effects of octreotide therapy. Italian Multicenter Octreotide Study Group","volume":"151","author":"Arosio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116213","article-title":"Elevated plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a) in patients with end-stage renal disease are not related to the size polymorphism of apolipoprotein(a)","volume":"91","author":"Dieplinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V111105","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) serum concentrations and apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes in mild and moderate renal failure","volume":"11","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00002","article-title":"Elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) in patients with the nephrotic syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Wanner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-013-0875-8","article-title":"Causes and consequences of lipoprotein(a) abnormalities in kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(94)90178-3","article-title":"Relationship between lipoprotein(a) levels in serum and some indices of protein synthesis in liver cirrhosis","volume":"224","author":"Alessandri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta Int J Clin Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200308000-00017","article-title":"Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins levels in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"37","author":"Koruk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101520012631200_dgag286-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02769-9","article-title":"Temporal increases in plasma markers of oxidized low-density lipoprotein strongly reflect the presence of acute coronary syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag286\/69019255\/dgag286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/11\/3286\/69019255\/dgag286.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/111\/11\/3286\/69019255\/dgag286.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:01:42Z","timestamp":1792108902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/111\/11\/3286\/8735767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgag286","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]}}}