{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:33:10Z","timestamp":1786365190316,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis is classically attributed to granuloma-mediated calcitriol excess, but primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)\u2014the most common cause of ambulatory hypercalcemia\u2014frequently coexists. These 2 etiologies are mechanistically distinct: sarcoid hypercalcemia is suppressed-PTH and 1,25(OH)2D-driven, while PHPT is autonomous-PTH-driven and surgically curable. Because both can independently sustain hypercalcemia, attribution to sarcoidosis alone risks anchoring bias and delayed identification of PHPT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine PHPT prevalence in sarcoidosis, characterize hypercalcemia-evaluation adequacy, and assess parathyroidectomy (PTX) impact on all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TriNetX US Collaborative Network, federated electronic health record data from &amp;gt;120 million patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>117 395 adults with ICD-10 sarcoidosis (D86) and \u22651 serum calcium measurement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None (observational).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) assessment rate; biochemical and coded PHPT prevalence; PTX utilization and outcomes; all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypercalcemia: 31.3% (n = 36 790); only 30.5% received iPTH. Biochemical PHPT: 3.0% (n = 3493)\u2014of whom 75.4% (n = 2633) had no ICD-10 code. PTX in coded PHPT: 36.6% (n = 315), with 74.6% biochemical cure. Hypercalcemia hazard ratio (HR) 1.33 (1.29-1.38), coded PHPT HR 1.50 (1.40-1.60), no-PTX HR 4.2 (2.7-6.4); all P &amp;lt; .001.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PHPT is prevalent, profoundly under-evaluated, and under-treated in sarcoidosis. Routine iPTH measurement and timely surgical referral are essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:39:44Z","timestamp":1784893184000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism in sarcoidosis patients: a large-scale retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Ghaleb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation , P.O. 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