{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:54:55Z","timestamp":1791478495910,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compare continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and other metabolic markers in progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D) in early-stage T1D and evaluate CGM time above 140\u2005mg\/dL (TA140) across different stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a combined dataset from three prospective studies, 152 early-stage T1D individuals had baseline CGM, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c with 54 (36%) progressing to stage 3. ROC curves were generated to compare the areas under the curve (AUC) for stage 3 prediction. Risk of progression was estimated by Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) and Kaplan\u2013Meier analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TA140 &amp;gt; 10% and 2-hour glucose &amp;gt; 140\u2005mg\/dL had the exact same specificity (83%), negative predictive value (88%), and sensitivity (55%) for stage 3 prediction at 2 years. In univariable AFT, the HRs for stage 3 at 5 years were significant for all CGM metrics tested (all P \u2264 .008), while significant OGTT metrics included 2-hour glucose, AUC_glucose, AUC_C-peptide, and peak_C-peptide (all P \u2264 .021). In multivariable AFT, younger age, male sex, HbA1c \u2265 5.7%, TA140 &amp;gt; 15%, and 2-hour glucose &amp;gt; 140\u2005mg\/dL were strong predictors of accelerated progression to stage 3. Cumulative incidence curves for stage 3 were similar for TA140 &amp;gt; 15%, HbA1c \u2265 5.7% and 2-hour glucose &amp;gt; 140\u2005mg\/dL. Among 406 longitudinal CGMs, participants at stage 3 had higher median TA140 (17.2%, IQR 7.9-33.2) compared to stage 2 (8.6%, IQR 3.8-15.2) and stage 1 (3.2%, IQR 1.3-7.7) (all pairwise P \u2264 .024).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this largest dataset of individuals at early-stage T1D, we define CGM-derived TA140 criteria for the various stages. Furthermore, we show that TA140 has similar performance to a 2-hour OGTT value for predicting stage 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgag394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:35:25Z","timestamp":1791286525000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous glucose monitoring has similar predictive performance to OGTT for monitoring early-stage type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-9484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea K","family":"Steck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO 80045 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