{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:32:07Z","timestamp":1791419527878,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES011681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES011681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES012199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES012199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES027706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES027706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007036","name":"Danish Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adequate thyroid function during pregnancy is essential for optimal fetal growth. Gestational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can negatively affect birth size and disrupt maternal and neonatal thyroid function, although the interrelationship is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to quantify the associations between maternal serum\u2013PFAS concentrations and birth weight, birth length, and cranial circumference. We also aimed to estimate associations between PFAS and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations, thereby elucidating whether THs potentially mediate the associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied a population-based prospective cohort of 172 mother-singleton pairs from the Faroe Islands. Twelve PFAS were measured in maternal serum obtained at 34 weeks of gestation. THs were measured in maternal and cord serum. Associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size and TH concentrations were estimated using multivariable linear regressions. Sex-stratified analyses along with a mediation analysis were performed to estimate potential mediating effects of THs in the association between PFAS and birth outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several PFASs were negatively associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference, and a general positive association between maternal serum\u2013PFASs and cord serum\u2013thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; also known as thyrotropin) was found. For instance, a doubling in perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with a 53% (95% CI, 18%-99%) and 40% (95% CI, 8%-81%) increases in TSH concentrations, respectively. There was little evidence of sexually dimorphic associations. Overall, THs were not found to mediate associations between PFASs and birth size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, several PFASs were negatively associated with birth size and increased THs; however, this did not explain lower birth weight among children exposed to PFAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T14:31:15Z","timestamp":1572445875000},"page":"735-745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Associations of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances With Thyroid Hormone Concentrations and Birth Size"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1183-0259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. 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Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damaskini","family":"Valvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina Kold","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pal","family":"Weihe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faroese Hospital System, T\u00f3rshavn, Faroe Islands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Oulhote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. 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