{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:47:41Z","timestamp":1791820061043,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/doc\/open-government-licence\/version\/3\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Androgen abuse impairs male reproductive and cardiac function, but the rate, extent, and determinants of recovery are not understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate recovery of male reproductive and cardiac function after ceasing androgen intake in current and past androgen abusers compared with healthy non-users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional, observational study recruited via social media 41 current and 31 past users (\u22653 months since last use, median 300 days since last use) with 21 healthy, eugonadal non-users. Each provided a history, examination, and serum and semen sample and underwent testicular ultrasound, body composition analysis, and cardiac function evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current abusers had suppressed reproductive function and impaired cardiac systolic function and lipoprotein parameters compared with non- or past users. Past users did not differ from non-users, suggesting full recovery of suppressed reproductive and cardiac functions after ceasing androgen abuse, other than residual reduced testicular volume. Mean time to recovery was faster for reproductive hormones (anti-Mullerian hormone [AMH], 7.3 months; luteinizing hormone [LH], 10.7 months) than for sperm variables (output, 14.1 months) whereas spermatogenesis (serum follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], inhibin B, inhibin) took longer. The duration of androgen abuse was the only other variable associated with slower recovery of sperm output (but not hormones).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Suppressed testicular and cardiac function due to androgen abuse is effectively fully reversible (apart from testis volume and serum sex hormone binding globulin) with recovery taking between 6 to 18 months after ceasing androgen intake with possible cumulative effects on spermatogenesis. Suppressed serum AMH, LH, and FSH represent convenient, useful, and underutilized markers of recovery from androgen abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T02:33:35Z","timestamp":1581561215000},"page":"1827-1839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Rate and Extent of Recovery from Reproductive and Cardiac Dysfunction Due to Androgen Abuse in Men"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Nandini","family":"Shankara-Narayana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord Hospital, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and ANZAC Research Institute, 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