{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:27:45Z","timestamp":1792294065112,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":224,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.3.0432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T18:26:57Z","timestamp":1389205617000},"page":"319-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":501,"title":["Environmental Signaling: What Embryos and Evolution Teach Us About Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"John A.","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Environmental Endocrinology Laboratory, Center for Bioenvironmental Research, Tulane and Xavier Universities, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112\u20132699"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019041123344159300_R1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Effects of hormones on growth, fattening, and meat production potential of livestock.","volume":"14","author":"Gassner","year":"1958","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R2","author":"Krimsky","year":"2000"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R3"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R4","author":"Colborn"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101372","article-title":"Medical hypothesis: xenoestrogens as preventable causes of breast cancer.","volume":"101","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050251","article-title":"The effects of environmental hormones on reproduction.","volume":"54","author":"Danzo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02464.x","article-title":"Environmental hormones and the male reproductive system.","volume":"19","author":"Cheek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R8","author":"Knobil"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R9","first-page":"5","author":"Cheek","year":"1998"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R10","author":"Colborn","year":"1996"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1086\/393498","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors: present issues, future directions.","volume":"75","author":"Crews","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q Rev Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R12","first-page":"741","author":"Toppari"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(97)00025-7","volume":"11","author":"Gray Jr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R14","first-page":"45","author":"Guillette Jr","year":"2000"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/10408449891344236","article-title":"Endocrine disruption in wildlife: a critical review of the evidence.","volume":"28","author":"Tyler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.95103888","article-title":"Are environmental sentinels signaling?","volume":"103","author":"LeBlanc","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R17"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R18","first-page":"3","author":"McLachlan","year":"1995"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.6803","article-title":"Ligand binding was acquired during evolution of nuclear receptors.","volume":"94","author":"Escriva","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10751","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.20.10751","article-title":"Identification of a third distinct estrogen receptor and reclassification of estrogen receptors in teleosts.","volume":"97","author":"Hawkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.1.7273","article-title":"Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls exerts thyroid hormone-like effects on the expression of RC3\/neurogranin and myelin basic protein messenger ribonucleic acids in the developing rat brain.","volume":"141","author":"Zoeller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107273","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of thyroid disruption in humans: interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin.","volume":"107","author":"Cheek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109245","article-title":"Arsenic alters the function of the glucocorticoid receptor as a transcription factor.","volume":"109","author":"Kaltreider","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.6157","article-title":"Activation of mammalian retinoid X receptors by the insect growth regulator methoprene.","volume":"92","author":"Harmon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00155a010","article-title":"Structurally specific binding of halogenated biphenyls to thyroxine transport protein.","volume":"29","author":"Rickenbacher","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1117","article-title":"Environmental hormone disruptors: evidence that vinclozolin developmental toxicity is mediated by antiandrogenic metabolites.","volume":"126","author":"Kelce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1227","article-title":"Developmental effects of an environmental antiandrogen: the fungicide vinclozolin alters sex differentiation of the male rat.","volume":"129","author":"Gray Jr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/375581a0","article-title":"Persistent DDT metabolite p,p\u2032-DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist.","volume":"375","author":"Kelce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19998","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.34.19998","article-title":"Androgen receptor antagonist vs. agonist activities of the fungicide vinclozolin relative to hydroxyflutamide.","volume":"270","author":"Wong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/56.2.389","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of linuron: an antiandrogenic herbicide that produces reproductive malformations in male rats.","volume":"56","author":"Lambright","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/60.1.56","article-title":"Androgen receptor antagonism by the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion.","volume":"60","author":"Tamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8431","article-title":"Inhibition of androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional activity by DDT isomers and methoxychlor in HepG2 human hepatoma cells.","volume":"151","author":"Maness","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8998","article-title":"Effects of in utero exposure to linuron on androgen-dependent reproductive development in the male Crl:CD(SD)BR rat.","volume":"167","author":"McIntyre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2307\/1444443","article-title":"Abnormal expression of secondary sex characters in a population of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis holbrooki: evidence for environmentally-induced masculinization.","volume":"4","author":"Howell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01636565","article-title":"Masculinization of female mosquitofish by exposure to plant sterols and Mycobacterium smegmatis.","volume":"35","author":"Denton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R36","first-page":"113","author":"Davis","year":"1992"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39922-3","article-title":"Arsenite and cadmium(II) as probes of glucocorticoid receptor structure and function.","volume":"265","author":"Simons","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)89474-7","article-title":"Effect of cadmium on estrogen receptor levels and estrogen-induced responses in human breast cancer cells.","volume":"269","author":"Garcia-Morales","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R39","first-page":"545","article-title":"Activation of estrogen receptor-\u03b1 by the heavy metal cadmium.","volume":"14","author":"Stoica","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/131056b0","article-title":"A synthetic oestrus-exciting compound.","volume":"131","author":"Cook","year":"1933","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/137996a0","article-title":"Synthetic oestrogenic agents without the phenanthrene nucleus.","volume":"137","author":"Dodds","year":"1936","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/141247b0","article-title":"Oestrogenic activity of certain synthetic compounds.","volume":"141","author":"Dodds","year":"1938","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R43","first-page":"305","author":"Eroschenko","year":"1980"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-74-17805","article-title":"Effect of DDT on testes and secondary sex characters of white Leghorn cockerels.","volume":"74","author":"Burlington","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(69)90117-3","article-title":"Estrogenic action of DDT and its analogs.","volume":"14","author":"Welch","year":"1969","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R46","first-page":"239","author":"Kupfer","year":"1980"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13092-7","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-binding activity of polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls: conformationally restricted structural probes.","volume":"33","author":"Korach","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-102-5-1429","article-title":"Displacement of estradiol from estrogen receptors by simple alkyl phenols.","volume":"102","author":"Mueller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101386","article-title":"Functional toxicology: a new approach to detect biologically active xenobiotics.","volume":"101","author":"McLachlan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2214","article-title":"Estrogen receptors: how do they control reproductive and nonreproductive functions?","volume":"270","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5925","article-title":"Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary.","volume":"93","author":"Kuiper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R52","first-page":"391","author":"Knight","year":"1980"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R53","first-page":"203","author":"Metcalf","year":"1980"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R54","first-page":"21","author":"Metzler","year":"1976"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(77)90329-0","article-title":"Drugs and drug metabolites as environmental contaminants: chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and salicyclic acid in sewage water effluent.","volume":"20","author":"Hignite","year":"1977","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R56","first-page":"199","author":"Rall","year":"1980"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(20000331)14:6<401::AID-RCM883>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Trace analysis of estrogenic chemicals in sewage effluent using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry.","volume":"14","author":"Lagana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620160320","article-title":"Estrogenic activity in five United Kingdom rivers detected by measurement of vitellogenesis in caged male trout.","volume":"16","author":"Harries","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00334-9","article-title":"Behavior and occurrence of estrogens in municipal sewage treatment plants. I. Investigations in Germany, Canada and Brazil.","volume":"225","author":"Ternes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00336-2","article-title":"Analysis and occurrence of estrogenic hormones and their glucuronides in surface water and waste water in The Netherlands.","volume":"225","author":"Belfroid","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R61","author":"Irwin","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R62","first-page":"3147","article-title":"Characterization of an estrogen-sensitive cell line established from normal rat endometrium.","volume":"34","author":"Sonnenschein","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/64.2.211","article-title":"But \u2026 are estrogens per se growth-promoting hormones?","volume":"64","author":"Sonnenschein","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.8.2496","article-title":"Phenol red in tissue culture media is a weak estrogen: implications concerning the study of estrogen-responsive cells in culture.","volume":"83","author":"Berthois","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00118a020","article-title":"Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)[2-(phenoxysulfonyl)phenyl]methane: isolation and structure elucidation of a novel estrogen from commercial preparations of phenol red (phenolsulfonphthalein) [published erratum appears in J Med Chem 1989 Dec;32(12):2582].","volume":"31","author":"Bindal","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9192167","article-title":"p-Nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from \u201cmodified\u201d polystyrene.","volume":"92","author":"Soto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R67","first-page":"124","article-title":"Male sexual development in \u201ca sea of oestrogen.\u201d","volume":"342","author":"Sumpter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6289434","article-title":"An estrogen-binding protein and endogenous ligand in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: possible hormone receptor system.","volume":"218","author":"Feldman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.8504731","article-title":"Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving.","volume":"132","author":"Krishnan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200000163","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors: update on xenoestrogens.","volume":"73","author":"Degen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8878171","article-title":"Phytochemical mimicry of reproductive hormones and modulation of herbivore fertility by phytoestrogens.","volume":"78","author":"Hughes Jr","year":"1988","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estrogenicity and Endocrine Disruption.","volume":"16","author":"Safe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, IA, vol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.7.1355","article-title":"Proliferative lesions and reproductive tract tumors in male descendants of mice exposed developmentally to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"21","author":"Newbold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420390603","article-title":"Exposure of Japanese quail embryos to o,p\u2032-DDT has long-term effects on reproductive behaviors, hematology, and feather morphology.","volume":"39","author":"Bryan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7256288","article-title":"DDT-induced feminization of gull embryos.","volume":"213","author":"Fry","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.94102680","article-title":"Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida.","volume":"102","author":"Guillette Jr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1999.7375","article-title":"Plasma steroid concentrations and male phallus size in juvenile alligators from seven Florida lakes.","volume":"116","author":"Guillette Jr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1998.7221","article-title":"Sex reversal effects of environmentally relevant xenobiotic concentrations on the red-eared slider turtle, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination.","volume":"113","author":"Willingham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440091159176","article-title":"Health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on wildlife, with special reference to the European situation.","volume":"30","author":"Vos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S1382-6689(00)00042-9","article-title":"Pharmacological property of tributyltin in vivo and in vitro.","volume":"8","author":"Mizuhashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008972518019","article-title":"Effects of endocrine disruptors on prosobranch snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the laboratory. I. Bisphenol A and octylphenol as xeno-estrogens.","volume":"9","author":"Oehlmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008924602089","article-title":"Effects of endocrine disruptors on prosobranch snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the laboratory. II. Triphenyltin as a xeno-androgen.","volume":"9","author":"Schulte-Oehlmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1999.1800","article-title":"A parameter for detecting estrogenic exposure in the copepod Acartia tonsa.","volume":"44","author":"Andersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Safety"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1997.1589","article-title":"Effects of estrogenic xenobiotics on molting of the water flea, Daphnia magna.","volume":"38","author":"Zou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Safety"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)91006-7","article-title":"Dietary estrogens\u2013a probable cause of infertility and liver disease in captive cheetahs.","volume":"93","author":"Setchell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R86","first-page":"530","article-title":"Phytoestrogen content of purified, open- and closed-formula laboratory animal diets.","volume":"49","author":"Thigpen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R87","first-page":"602","article-title":"The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets. II. Comparative estrogenic activity of purified, certified and standard open and closed formula rodent diets.","volume":"37","author":"Thigpen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13902-3","article-title":"Binding properties of zearalenone mycotoxins to hepatic estrogen receptors.","volume":"20","author":"Powell-Jones","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420290309","article-title":"Estrogenic activity of zearalenone and zearalanol in the neonatal rat uterus.","volume":"29","author":"Sheehan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1970.31.03.551","article-title":"Effects on turkey poults and chicks of rations containing corn invaded by Penicillium and Fusariumspecies.","volume":"31","author":"Meronuck","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R91","first-page":"628","article-title":"Mycotoxicosis as a probable cause of infertility in dairy cows.","volume":"23","author":"Roine","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nord Vet Med"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R92","first-page":"132","article-title":"Hyperestrogenism in female swine as the result of feeding mouldy corn.","volume":"12","author":"Bristol","year":"1971","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198804143181505","article-title":"The mortician\u2019s mystery. Gynecomastia and reversible hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in an embalmer.","volume":"318","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R94","first-page":"1","author":"Hertz","year":"1985"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.2.8636315","article-title":"Are the differences between estradiol and other estrogens, naturally occurring or synthetic, merely semantical?","volume":"81","author":"Lieberman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(98)10155-1","article-title":"Estrone and estradiol-17\u03b2 concentration in tissue of the scleractinian coral, Montipora verrucosa.","volume":"122","author":"Tarrant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291932","article-title":"Detection of estradiol-17\u03b2 during a mass coral spawn.","volume":"11","author":"Atkinson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Coral Reefs"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-445X(94)90051-5","article-title":"In vivo biotransformation of testosterone by phase I and II detoxication enzymes and their modulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone in Daphnia magna.","volume":"29","author":"Baldwin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aquatic Toxicol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1999.1859","article-title":"Changes in the metabolic elimination profile of testosterone following exposure of the crustacean Daphnia magna to tributyltin.","volume":"45","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Safety"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R100","author":"Waddy","year":"1995"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R101","author":"Feral","year":"1983"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R102","author":"LeBlanc","year":"1999"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02870-5","article-title":"Changes in estrogen-\u03b1 receptor immunoreactivity during the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cattle.","volume":"880","author":"van Eerdenburg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R104","first-page":"111","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors in the ovine corpus luteum throughout the estrous cycle.","volume":"38","author":"Zieba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Folia Histochem Cytobiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00022-9","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptors in the canine uterus and their relation to sex steroid hormone levels.","volume":"51","author":"Vermeirsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1999.0327","article-title":"Oestrogen and progesterone receptors in feline fibroadenomatous change: an immunohistochemical study.","volume":"68","author":"Martin De Las Mulas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.10.7024","article-title":"Androgen receptor, estrogen receptor \u03b1, and estrogen receptor \u03b2 show distinct patterns of expression in forebrain song control nuclei of European starlings.","volume":"140","author":"Bernard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(19990905)40:3<327::AID-NEU5>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-\u03b2 in quail: cloning, tissue expression and neuroanatomical distribution.","volume":"40","author":"Foidart","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.961041318","article-title":"Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator.","volume":"104","author":"Vonier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6274","article-title":"Identification and characterization of estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis).","volume":"232","author":"Vonier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-169X.1998.00013.x","article-title":"Cloning and in situ hybridization analysis of estrogen receptor in the developing gonad of the red-eared slider turtle, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination.","volume":"40","author":"Bergeron","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Growth Differ"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-3-1-44","article-title":"Identification and estrogen induction of two estrogen receptors (ER) messenger ribonucleic acids in the rainbow trout liver: sequence homology with other ERs.","volume":"3","author":"Pakdel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(99)00128-7","article-title":"Temperature dependence of estrogen binding: importance of a subzone in the ligand binding domain of a novel piscine estrogen receptor.","volume":"1452","author":"Tan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02003778","article-title":"Biosynthesis of \u03b1- and \u03b2 -ecdysone by the crayfish Orconectes limosusin vivo and by its Y-organs in vitro.","volume":"32","author":"Willig","year":"1976","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.13.2897","article-title":"A conditional rescue system reveals essential functions for the ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene during molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila.","volume":"127","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00136-7","article-title":"Two distinct subpopulations of ecdysone receptor complex in the female mosquito during vitellogenesis.","volume":"156","author":"Miura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12786","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.12786","article-title":"Estrogenic responses in estrogen receptor-\u03b1 deficient mice reveal a distinct estrogen signaling pathway.","volume":"94","author":"Das","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(84)90160-5","article-title":"Chromatin proteins of rat preputial-gland: acute changes in response to estrogen.","volume":"16","author":"Horton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Biochem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R119","first-page":"41","author":"Watson","year":"1995"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-445X.1999.01903.x","article-title":"Membrane oestrogen receptors on rat pituitary tumour cells: immuno-identification and responses to oestradiol and xenoestrogens.","volume":"84","author":"Watson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.8.677","article-title":"Membrane estrogen receptor engagement activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway in human endothelial cells.","volume":"87","author":"Haynes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E44","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.11.e44","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are organized into a functional signaling module in caveolae","volume":"87","author":"Chambliss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000054518","article-title":"Perimembrane localization of the estrogen receptor \u03b1 protein in neuronal processes of cultured hippocampal neurons.","volume":"71","author":"Clarke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11603","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.21.11603","article-title":"Nongenomic actions of estrogens and xenoestrogens by binding at a plasma membrane receptor unrelated to estrogen receptor\u03b1 and estrogen receptor \u03b2.","volume":"97","author":"Nadal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/51.2.224","article-title":"Increased mitochondrial superoxide production in rat liver mitochondria, rat hepatocytes, and HepG2 cells following ethinyl estradiol treatment.","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R126","first-page":"882","article-title":"Mitochondrial localization of estrogen receptor (ER)s \u03b1 and \u03b2.","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1946.tb15473.x","article-title":"A specific breeding problem of sheep on subterranean clover pastures in Western Australia.","volume":"22","author":"Bennets","year":"1946","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.94102572","article-title":"Dietary estrogens act through estrogen receptor-mediated processes and show no antiestrogenicity in cultured breast cancer cells.","volume":"102","author":"Makela","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.10.6216","article-title":"Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor \u03b2.","volume":"139","author":"Kuiper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950160209","article-title":"The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in plants: function and evolution.","volume":"16","author":"Koes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5335-9_18","article-title":"Flavonoids as hormones. A perspective from an analysis of molecular fossils.","volume":"439","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/1369-5266(88)80059-1","article-title":"Genes and signal molecules involved in the rhizobia-leguminoseae symbiosis.","volume":"1","author":"Bladergroen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Plant Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.32.1.33","article-title":"Regulation of symbiotic root nodule development.","volume":"32","author":"Schultze","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3738520","article-title":"A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes.","volume":"233","author":"Peters","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.19.6609","article-title":"Induction of Rhizobium meliloti nodC expression by plant exudate requires nodD.","volume":"82","author":"Mulligan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/344781a0","article-title":"Symbiotic host-specificity of Rhizobium meliloti is determined by a sulphated and acylated glucosamine oligosaccharide signal.","volume":"344","author":"Lerouge","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(99)80054-5","article-title":"Genealogy of legume-Rhizobium symbioses.","volume":"2","author":"Broughton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Plant Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.11.2057","article-title":"Effects of environmental estrogens on tumor necrosis factor \u03b1-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.","volume":"20","author":"Burow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1139\/m92-089","article-title":"Similarities between legume-rhizobium communication and steroid-mediated intercellular communication in vertebrates.","volume":"38","author":"Baker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00273624","article-title":"Homology of the ligand-binding regions of Rhizobium symbiotic regulatory protein NodD and vertebrate nuclear receptors.","volume":"226","author":"Gyorgypal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.88.2.396","article-title":"Alfalfa root exudates and compounds which promote or inhibit induction of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes.","volume":"88","author":"Peters","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.59.12.4211-4215.1993","article-title":"Identification of endomycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots by fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"59","author":"Simon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11841","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.11841","article-title":"Four hundred-million-year-old vesicular arbuscular.","volume":"91","author":"Remy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.58.3.821-825.1992","article-title":"Extensive in vitro hyphal growth of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of CO2 and flavonols.","volume":"58","author":"Becard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R144A","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1997.10.4.481","volume":"10","author":"Poulin","journal-title":"MPMI"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(92)90355-M","article-title":"Evolution of regulation of steroid-mediated intercellular communication in vertebrates: insights from flavonoids, signals that mediate plant-rhizobia symbiosis.","volume":"41","author":"Baker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R145A","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod52.6.1358","article-title":"Differential effects of a steroidal antiestrogen, EM-139, on prostaglandin and cyclic adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032-monophosphate production in the circular and longitudinal layers of bovine myometrium.","volume":"52","author":"Doualla-Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/262717a0","article-title":"Cell differentiation without morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum.","volume":"262","author":"Town","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.5.2669","article-title":"The biosynthesis of differentiation-inducing factor, a chlorinated signal molecule regulating Dictyostelium development.","volume":"273","author":"Kay","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/303242a0","article-title":"A possible morphogen controlling differentiation in Dictyostelium.","volume":"303","author":"Kay","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(82)90022-7","article-title":"Developmental regulation of a stalk cell differentiation-inducing factor in Dictyostelium discoideum.","volume":"91","author":"Brookman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05352.x","article-title":"DIF-1 induces its own breakdown in Dictyostelium.","volume":"11","author":"Insall","year":"1992","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90310-2","article-title":"Detoxification of polychlorinated biphenyls [letter; comment].","volume":"335","author":"McKinney","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.94102780","article-title":"PCBs as environmental estrogens: turtle sex determination as a biomarker of environmental contamination.","volume":"102","author":"Bergeron","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990240204","article-title":"Developmental estrogenization and prostatic neoplasia.","volume":"24","author":"Santti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1126\/science.242076","article-title":"Reproductive tract lesions in male mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"190","author":"McLachlan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R155","first-page":"67","article-title":"Transplacental effects of diethylstilbestrol in mice.","volume":"51","author":"McLachlan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R156","first-page":"5145","article-title":"Lesions of the rete testis in mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"45","author":"Newbold","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R157","first-page":"625","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. Diethylstilbestrol-induced lesions of the mouse rete testis.","volume":"125","author":"Newbold","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770070405","article-title":"Mullerian remnants of male mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"7","author":"Newbold","year":"1987","journal-title":"Teratog Carcinog Mutagen"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.951031136","article-title":"Gestational and lactational exposure of rats to xenoestrogens results in reduced testicular size and sperm production.","volume":"103","author":"Sharpe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00151-3","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to low doses of the estrogenic chemicals diethylstilbestrol and o,p\u2032-DDT alters aggressive behavior of male and female house mice.","volume":"64","author":"Palanza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4796","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.11.8895349","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the estrogen receptor gene in male mice causes alteration of spermatogenesis and infertility.","volume":"137","author":"Eddy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R162"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-115-5-1863","article-title":"Mu\u0308llerian duct maintenance in heterotypic organ culture after in vivo exposure to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"115","author":"Newbold","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R164","first-page":"29","article-title":"Follow-up study of male and female offspring of DES-treated mothers a preliminary report.","volume":"15","author":"Bibbo","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R165","first-page":"568","article-title":"Cytologic findings in female and male offspring of DES treated mothers.","volume":"19","author":"Bibbo","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58502-X","article-title":"Pathological semen and anatomical abnormalities of the genital tract in human male subjects exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero.","volume":"117","author":"Gill","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56240-0","article-title":"Association of diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero with cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia and semen abnormalities.","volume":"122","author":"Gill","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330340067035","article-title":"Seminoma and epididymal cysts in a young man with known diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero.","volume":"249","author":"Conley","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R169","first-page":"257","author":"Hogan","year":"1987"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505253322104","article-title":"Fertility in men exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"332","author":"Wilcox","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195909242611303","article-title":"Male pseudohermaphrodism.","volume":"261","author":"Kaplan","year":"1959","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-42-5-370","article-title":"The response of the human fetal reproductive system to the administration of diethylstilbestrol and testosterone propionate during early pregnancy.","volume":"42","author":"Davis","year":"1948","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R173","first-page":"537","article-title":"Effects of prenatal maternal estrogen on the male urogenital system.","volume":"56","author":"Driscoll","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.2.7379","article-title":"Involvement of insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) in diethylstilbestrol-induced cryptorchidism.","volume":"141","author":"Emmen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/10364","article-title":"Cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Insl3.","volume":"22","author":"Nef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.5.0272","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the Insl3 gene causes bilateral cryptorchidism.","volume":"13","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2471","article-title":"Molecular analysis of external genitalia formation: the role of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) genes during genital tubercle formation.","volume":"127","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.10.6215","article-title":"Effect of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol on Mu\u0308llerian duct development in fetal male mice.","volume":"139","author":"Visser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1998.8907","article-title":"Abdominal B (AbdB) Hoxa genes: regulation in adult uterus by estrogen and progesterone and repression in Mu\u0308llerian duct by the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES).","volume":"197","author":"Ma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37929-2","article-title":"Purification and cell-free synthesis of a major protein from rat seminal vesicle secretion. A potential marker for androgen action.","volume":"254","author":"Ostrowski","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6460","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.21.6460","article-title":"Seminal vesicle secretion IV gene: allelic difference due to a series of 20-base-pair direct tandem repeats within an intron.","volume":"80","author":"Harris","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-1-10-707","article-title":"The androgen-dependent mouse seminal vesicle secretory protein IV: characterization and complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning.","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2400413","article-title":"Purification and properties of an oestrogen-stimulated mouse uterine glycoprotein (approx. 70 kDa).","volume":"240","author":"Teng","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)61088-9","article-title":"Lactotransferrin is the major estrogen inducible protein of mouse uterine secretions.","volume":"262","author":"Pentecost","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-2-992","article-title":"Lactotransferrin gene expression in the mouse uterus and mammary gland.","volume":"124","author":"Teng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-2-12-1243","article-title":"Prenatal exposure of male mice to diethylstilbestrol alter the expression of the lactotransferrin gene in seminal vesicles.","volume":"2","author":"Pentecost","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-5-2568","article-title":"Female gene expression in the seminal vesicle of mice after prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"124","author":"Newbold","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35263-1","article-title":"Molecular feminization of mouse seminal vesicle by prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol: altered expression of messenger RNA.","volume":"151","author":"Beckman Jr","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.1.21","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor replaces estrogen in the stimulation of female genital-tract growth and differentiation.","volume":"88","author":"Nelson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R190","first-page":"595","article-title":"Exposure to diethylstilbestrol during a critical developmental period of the mouse reproductive tract leads to persistent induction of two estrogen-regulated genes.","volume":"5","author":"Nelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R191","first-page":"7677","article-title":"Uterine adenocarcinoma in mice following developmental treatment with estrogens: a model for hormonal carcinogenesis.","volume":"50","author":"Newbold","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R192","first-page":"4356","article-title":"Developmental exposure to diethylstilbestrol elicits demethylation of estrogen-responsive lactoferrin gene in mouse uterus.","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1302","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic DNA demethylation in the promoter of the Slp (sex-limited protein) gene in mouse liver.","volume":"92","author":"Yokomori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100566997","article-title":"High frequency of hypermethylation at the 14\u20133-3 sigma locus leads to gene silencing in breast cancer.","volume":"97","author":"Ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4453","article-title":"Genomic imprinting and cancer.","volume":"248","author":"Jirtle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197607)38:1<534::AID-CNCR2820380177>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"The estrogen-cancer hypothesis.","volume":"38","author":"Hertz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-71617-1_24","article-title":"Sex hormones and neoplasia: genotoxic effects in short term assays.","volume":"10","author":"Degen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol Suppl"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6262919","article-title":"Diethylstilbestrol induces neoplastic transformation without measurable gene mutation at two loci.","volume":"212","author":"Barrett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R199","first-page":"3040","article-title":"Morphologic and neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts by diethylstilbestrol and its analogs.","volume":"42","author":"McLachlan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R200","first-page":"3814","article-title":"Aneuploidy induction and cell transformation by diethylstilbestrol: a possible chromosomal mechanism in carcinogenesis.","volume":"43","author":"Tsutsui","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-11-4-524","article-title":"Estrogen carcinogenesis in hamster tissues: a critical review.","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7192-6_4","article-title":"Etiology of DES-induced uterine tumors in the Syrian hamster.","volume":"138","author":"Leavitt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-3-1011","article-title":"Proliferation of mouse uterine epithelial cells in vitro.","volume":"118","author":"Tomooka","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.10.4658","article-title":"Coupling of dual signaling pathways: epidermal growth factor action involves the estrogen receptor.","volume":"89","author":"Ignar-Trowbridge","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12626","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12626","article-title":"Physiological coupling of growth factor and steroid receptor signaling pathways: estrogen receptor knockout mice lack estrogen-like response to epidermal growth factor.","volume":"93","author":"Curtis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211432","article-title":"Expression of estrogen receptor and proto-oncogene messenger ribonucleic acids in reproductive tracts of neonatally diethylstilbestrol-exposed female mice with or without post-pubertal estrogen administration.","volume":"104","author":"Kamiya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5400.387","article-title":"Role of DNA 5-methylcytosine transferase in cell transformation by fos.","volume":"283","author":"Bakin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.9.1655","article-title":"Increased tumors but uncompromised fertility in the female descendants of mice exposed developmentally to diethylstilbestrol.","volume":"19","author":"Newbold","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.5.2283","article-title":"Persistence, methylation and expression of vitellogenin gene derivatives after injection into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis.","volume":"12","author":"Andres","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)30418-0","article-title":"Rapid accumulation of vitellogenin messenger RNA during secondary estrogen stimulation of Xenopus laevis.","volume":"253","author":"Baker","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.10.8.3926","article-title":"Transcriptional potentiation of the vitellogenin B1 promoter by a combination of both nucleosome assembly and transcription factors: an in vitro dissection.","volume":"10","author":"Corthesy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.11.13.0037","article-title":"Estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation and vitellogenin gene memory.","volume":"11","author":"Edinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/273401a0","article-title":"Translation of Xenopus vitellogenin mRNA during primary and secondary induction.","volume":"273","author":"Farmer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32143-4","article-title":"Nuclease sensitivity and DNA methylation in estrogen regulation of Xenopus laevis vitellogenin gene expression.","volume":"258","author":"Folger","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.11.2475","article-title":"Estrogen induces tissue specific changes in the chromatin conformation of the vitellogenin genes in Xenopus.","volume":"9","author":"Gerber-Huber","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(82)90020-X","article-title":"The estrogen-induced vitellogenin synthesis in chicken liver after estrogen withdrawal or antiestrogen treatment.","volume":"26","author":"Gschwendt","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R217","first-page":"1715","author":"de Loof","year":"1993"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/367691a0","article-title":"Lactation in male fruit bats.","volume":"367","author":"Francis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R219","first-page":"895","article-title":"Identification of phthalate esters in the serum of young Puerto Rican girls with premature breast development","volume":"108","author":"Colon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R220","first-page":"291","article-title":"St. Anthony\u2019s fire, then and now: a case report and historical review.","volume":"30","author":"Tanner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1086\/320125","article-title":"Upregulation of WNT-4 signaling and dosage-sensitive sex reversal in humans.","volume":"68","author":"Jordan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2019041123344159300_R222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5671","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091553298","article-title":"Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions.","volume":"98","author":"Thornton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article-pdf\/22\/3\/319\/8860274\/edrv0319.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T12:02:19Z","timestamp":1746100939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/edrv\/article\/22\/3\/319\/2423954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"references-count":224,"aliases":["10.1210\/er.22.3.319"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/edrv.22.3.0432","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-769X","1945-7189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-769X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]}}}