{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1791183726557,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glucocorticoids released by stress bind to glucocorticoid (GR) and\/or mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) to exert negative feedback of subsequent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress. Feedback inhibition is implicated in habituation of HPA activity to repeated exposure to the same (homotypic) stressor. We hypothesized that the posterior paraventricular thalamus (pPVTh) is a site where corticosterone acts to exert negative feedback during repeated stress and that is important for habituation. As previously reported, the pPVTh inhibits HPA responses to homotypic and heterotypic stressors in repeatedly, but not acutely, stressed rats. We conducted a series of experiments involving intra-pPVTh administration of MR and\/or GR agonists or antagonists during different time frames over 8 d of restraint. MR exist in the pPVTh, as do GR as shown by our immunocytochemical results. Acute intra-pPVTh injection of MR and\/or GR antagonist before the eighth restraint did not alter expression of habituation. Because habituation may develop before d 8, we manipulated GR and MR in the pPVTh throughout 8 d of stress using intra-pPVTh corticosterone implants, which enhanced habituation on d 8 without affecting acute stress responses. Conversely, daily intra-pPVTh injections of GR and MR antagonists on d 1\u20137 of restraint prevented habituation on d 8. These data suggest that corticosterone released during repeated stress can act at GR and MR in the pPVTh to inhibit HPA responses to homotypic stress. We also found that some GR-containing cells in the pPVTh project to the medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala, suggesting that pPVTh-induced inhibition of HPA activity is potentially mediated by its projections to these select limbic structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,30]],"date-time":"2006-06-30T14:34:17Z","timestamp":1151678057000},"page":"4917-4930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Corticosterone Can Act at the Posterior Paraventricular Thalamus to Inhibit Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Animals that Habituate to Repeated Stress"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Azra","family":"Jaferi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071612514873300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10178","article-title":"Hypophysiotropic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus respond in spatially, temporally, and phenotypically differentiated manners to acute vs. repeated restraint stress: rapid publication","volume":"445","author":"Viau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2020071612514873300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(03)00014-3","article-title":"Negative feedback functions in chronically stressed rats: role of posterior paraventricular thalamus","volume":"78","author":"Jaferi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612514873300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980406)393:2<244::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Hypothalamic effector neurons and extended circuitries activated in \u201cneurogenic\u201d stress: a comparison of footshock effects exerted acutely, chronically, and in animals with controlled glucocorticoid levels","volume":"393","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2020071612514873300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00672.x","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in chronic intermittently cold-stressed neonatally handled and non handled rats","volume":"7","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612514873300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000054578","article-title":"Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress. 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