{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:35:17Z","timestamp":1791326117015,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,4]],"date-time":"2007-05-04T00:58:59Z","timestamp":1178240339000},"page":"4032-4043","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b21 Null Mutation Causes Infertility in Male Mice Associated with Testosterone Deficiency and Sexual Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Wendy V.","family":"Ingman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2019041120104449700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10155","article-title":"Defining the actions of transforming growth factor beta in reproduction.","volume":"24","author":"Ingman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-9-3-295","article-title":"Molecular biology of steroid hormone synthesis.","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(88)90139-2","article-title":"Direct regulating effects of transforming growth factor \u03b2 on the Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture.","volume":"30","author":"Morera","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(87)90567-5","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b2 inhibits Leydig cell functions.","volume":"146","author":"Avallet","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(87)90541-9","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 inhibits Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture.","volume":"146","author":"Lin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(99)00075-8","article-title":"Autocrine regulation of Leydig cell differentiated functions by insulin-like growth factor I and transforming growth factor \u03b2.","volume":"69","author":"Le Roy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(97)00087-7","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b21 inhibits steroidogenesis in dispersed fetal testicular cells in culture.","volume":"131","author":"Gautier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3109\/07435809509030421","article-title":"Type \u03b21 transforming growth factor is an inhibitor of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase in mouse adrenal tumor cell line Y1.","volume":"21","author":"Cherradi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R9","first-page":"77","article-title":"Cell lineage specificity of expression of the murine transforming growth factor \u03b23 and transforming growth factor \u03b21 genes.","volume":"2","author":"Watrin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R10","first-page":"67","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (\u03b21, \u03b22, and \u03b23) gene expression and action during pubertal development of the seminiferous tubule: potential role at the onset of spermatogenesis.","volume":"7","author":"Mullaney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod48.1.40","article-title":"Localization of transforming growth factor \u03b21 and \u03b22 during testicular development in the rat.","volume":"48","author":"Teerds","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.6.7750505","article-title":"Expression of mRNAs for transforming growth factor-\u03b2 receptors in the rat testis.","volume":"136","author":"Le Magueresse Battistoni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R13","first-page":"271","article-title":"Somatic cell-germ cell relationships in mammalian testes during development and spermatogenesis.","volume":"182","author":"Fritz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7275","article-title":"Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions and TGF \u03b21 expression and secretion in vitro.","volume":"238","author":"Avallet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.2.770","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b2 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death.","volume":"90","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/359693a0","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor \u03b21 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease.","volume":"359","author":"Shull","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8009224","article-title":"Maternal rescue of transforming growth factor \u03b21 null mice.","volume":"264","author":"Letterio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12215","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12215","article-title":"Early-onset multifocal inflammation in the transforming growth factor \u03b21-null mouse is lymphocyte mediated.","volume":"92","author":"Diebold","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.7.4013","article-title":"\u03b22-Microglobulin-deficient background ameliorates lethal phenotype of the TGF-\u03b21 null mouse.","volume":"163","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119017","article-title":"Autoimmunity associated with TGF-\u03b21-deficiency in mice is dependent on MHC class II antigen expression.","volume":"98","author":"Letterio","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1189","article-title":"Null mutation in transforming growth factor \u03b21 disrupts ovarian function and causes oocyte incompetence and early embryo arrest.","volume":"147","author":"Ingman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R22","author":"Snell","year":"1956"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000990303","article-title":"A description of spermiogenesis in the mouse and its use in analysis of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and germ cell renewal.","volume":"99","author":"Oakberg","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-111-4-1286","article-title":"Endocrine responses to sexual arousal in male mice.","volume":"111","author":"Bronson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod47.4.561","article-title":"Reversal of reproductive deficiency in the hpg male mouse by neonatal androgenization.","volume":"47","author":"Livne","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1163\/156853962X00087","article-title":"Sexual behavior in three inbred strains of mice.","volume":"19","author":"McGill","year":"1962","journal-title":"Behavior"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1071\/RD02015","article-title":"Semen collection from mice: electroejaculation.","volume":"14","author":"Tecirlioglu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0210215","article-title":"Ejaculatory reflex and luteal activity induction in Mus musculus.","volume":"21","author":"McGill","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2232815100","article-title":"The low gonadotropin-independent constitutive production of testicular testosterone is sufficient to maintain spermatogenesis.","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404743101","article-title":"Targeted disruption of luteinizing hormone \u03b2-subunit leads to hypogonadism, defects in gonadal steroidogenesis, and infertility.","volume":"101","author":"Ma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.031161","article-title":"Testicular phenotype in luteinizing hormone receptor knockout animals and the effect of testosterone replacement therapy.","volume":"71","author":"Lei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20303","article-title":"Effects of FSH receptor deletion on epididymal tubules and sperm morphology, numbers, and motility.","volume":"72","author":"Grover","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505827103","article-title":"Delayed testicular aging in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) null mice.","volume":"103","author":"Lacombe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.216","article-title":"Leptin\u2019s actions on the reproductive axis: perspectives and mechanisms.","volume":"60","author":"Cunningham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R35","first-page":"R181","article-title":"Differential effects of food restriction on pituitary-testicular function in mice","volume":"248","author":"Blank","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1993.1002","article-title":"The effects of feed restriction on reproductive function in Swiss CD-1 mice.","volume":"20","author":"Chapin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-3-22","article-title":"Transforming growth factor \u03b21 decreases the yield of the second meiotic division of rat pachytene spermatocytes in vitro.","volume":"3","author":"Damestoy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-5542-z","article-title":"Effects of TGF-\u03b2s and a specific antagonist on apoptosis of immature rat male germ cells in vitro.","volume":"11","author":"Konrad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199611250-00019","article-title":"Expression of TGF-\u03b2 type II receptor mRNA in the CNS.","volume":"7","author":"Bottner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.7.8770931","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 and p27 expression in pituitary cells.","volume":"137","author":"Qian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2000.00508.x","article-title":"Evidence that members of the TGF\u03b2 superfamily play a role in regulation of the GnRH neuroendocrine axis: expression of a type I serine-threonine kinase receptor for TGF\u03b2 and activin in GnRH neurones and hypothalamic areas of the female rat.","volume":"12","author":"Prevot","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(03)00057-2","article-title":"Paracrine control of lactotrope proliferation and differentiation.","volume":"14","author":"Denef","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R43","first-page":"1825","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 mRNA and protein expression in the pituitary gland: its action on prolactin secretion and lactotropic growth.","volume":"6","author":"Sarkar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-3-73","article-title":"Differential regulation of follicle stimulating hormone by activin A and TGFB1 in murine gonadotropes.","volume":"3","author":"Gore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.6.1710","article-title":"Estrogen-astrocyte-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone signaling: a role for transforming growth factor-\u03b2(1).","volume":"62","author":"Buchanan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0752227.x","article-title":"The transforming growth factor-\u03b2s: structure, signaling, and roles in nervous system development and functions.","volume":"75","author":"Bottner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00010.x","article-title":"Delayed wound healing in immunodeficient TGF-\u03b21 knockout mice.","volume":"115","author":"Crowe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1998.tb02469.x","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) in penile and prostate growth in the rat during sexual maturation.","volume":"19","author":"Gelman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00666-7","article-title":"Testosterone rapidly affects the expression of copulatory behavior in house mice (Mus musculus).","volume":"75","author":"James","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.4.1012","article-title":"Androgen-dependent nitric oxide release in rat penis correlates with levels of constitutive nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes.","volume":"61","author":"Marin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.2.310","article-title":"Absence of colony-stimulating factor-1 in osteopetrotic (csfmop\/csfmop) mice results in male fertility defects.","volume":"55","author":"Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00694-3","article-title":"Consequences of targeted inactivation of LH receptors.","volume":"187","author":"Rao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1995.75.1.191","article-title":"Physiology of penile erection.","volume":"75","author":"Andersson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.043794","article-title":"Impaired male sexual behavior in activin receptor type II knockout mice.","volume":"73","author":"Ma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20411","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 potentiates astrocytic nitric oxide production by expanding the population of astrocytes that express NOS-2.","volume":"54","author":"Hamby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.15.8.1255","article-title":"Molecular regulation of the bovine endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase by transforming growth factor-\u03b21.","volume":"15","author":"Inoue","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.15.3.8810636","article-title":"Keratinocyte growth factor and embryonic rat lung morphogenesis.","volume":"15","author":"Shiratori","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0110","article-title":"Arrested lung morphogenesis in transgenic mice bearing an SP-C-TGF-\u03b21 chimeric gene.","volume":"175","author":"Zhou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1310203","article-title":"Regulation of DNA synthesis in chicken adipocyte precursor cells by insulin-like growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-\u03b2.","volume":"131","author":"Butterwith","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1410436","article-title":"Depot-specific release of leptin from subcutaneous and omental adipocytes in suspension culture: effect of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and transforming growth factor-\u03b21.","volume":"141","author":"Gottschling-Zeller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)68236-3","article-title":"An animal model of Peyronie\u2019s-like condition associated with an increase of transforming growth factor \u03b2 mRNA and protein expression.","volume":"158","author":"El-Sakka","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64223-X","article-title":"Peyronie\u2019s disease is associated with an increase in transforming growth factor-\u03b2 protein expression.","volume":"158","author":"El-Sakka","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R63","first-page":"349","article-title":"Plasma transforming growth factor-\u03b21 levels in patients with erectile dysfunction.","volume":"6","author":"Ryu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.1.93","article-title":"Genetic control of the circulating concentration of transforming growth factor type \u03b21.","volume":"8","author":"Grainger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020623100818","article-title":"Elevated bioactivity of the tolerogenic cytokines, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-\u03b2, in the blood of acutely malnourished weanling mice.","volume":"231","author":"Hillyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"2019041120104449700_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.2001.0629","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 and cortisol in differentially reared primates.","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/148\/8\/4032\/10727209\/endo4032.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T03:18:04Z","timestamp":1707880684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/148\/8\/4032\/2502465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2006-1759","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]}}}