{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T08:14:41Z","timestamp":1769933681822,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of steroid\/thyroid hormones in the regulation of endocrine cells at the level of the pituitary has remained unclear. Therefore, using single-cell quantitative real-time PCR, we examined absolute amounts of transcripts for nuclear receptors [estrogen receptors (ERs) \u03b1, \u03b2, and \u03b3; androgen receptors (ARs) a and b; glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) 1, 2a, and 2b; and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) \u03b11, \u03b12, and \u03b2] in pituitary cells of immature (IM) and mature (M) male tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. In the two reproductive stages, ACTH cells expressed only ER\u03b2, whereas all other pituitary cell types expressed ER\u03b1 + \u03b2, and a subpopulation coexpressed ARa, ARb, GR1, GR2b, and TR\u03b2 but lacked ER\u03b3, GR2a, TR\u03b11, and TR\u03b12. IM males had high percentages of LH cells (IM 46.0% vs. M 10.0%), GH cells (IM 23.3% vs. M 7.9%), and prolactin cells (IM 68.8% vs. M 6.0%) with ER\u03b2, and TSH cells (IM 19.2% vs. M 0.0%) and MSH cells (IM 25.6% vs. M 0.0%) with ER\u03b1 + TR\u03b2. A high percentage of FSH cells in IM males expressed ER\u03b2 (IM 46.9% vs. M 18.8%), and FSH cells in M males showed significantly high GR1 transcripts (IM 76.0 \u00b1 5.0 vs. M 195.0 \u00b1 10.7 copies per cell; P &amp;lt; 0.05), suggesting that FSH cells are regulated differently in the two reproductive stages. Coexpression of ER\u03b1 + \u03b2 in high percentages of cells of the GH family (GH, IM 43.8% vs. M 14.3%; prolactin, IM 8.3% vs. M 59.7%; somatolactin, IM 22.2% vs. M 42.2%) suggests that the expression of both ERs is important for functionality. Thus, differential coexpression of genes for nuclear receptors in subpopulations of pituitary cell types suggests multiple steroid\/thyroid hormone regulatory pathways at the level of the pituitary during the two reproductive stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,7]],"date-time":"2007-09-07T00:48:03Z","timestamp":1189126083000},"page":"5822-5830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sexual Maturation Modulates Expression of Nuclear Receptor Types in Laser-Captured Single Cells of the Cichlid (Oreochromis niloticus) Pituitary"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kitahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences (T.K., S.O., T.S., I.P.), Monash University, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology (T.K., S.O., T.S., Y.S., I.P.), Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences (T.K., S.O., T.S., I.P.), Monash University, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology (T.K., S.O., T.S., Y.S., I.P.), Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Soga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences (T.K., S.O., T.S., I.P.), Monash University, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia;"},{"name":"Department of Physiology (T.K., S.O., T.S., Y.S., I.P.), Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology (T.K., S.O., T.S., Y.S., I.P.), Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8602, 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