{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:14:48Z","timestamp":1791101688149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hormonal conditions that elicit lordosis in female rats are ineffective in males, suggesting that this behavior is actively suppressed in males. Previous studies theorize that serotonergic and \u03b3-aminobutyric acidergic (GABA) inputs to the ventrolateral division of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMNvl) may contribute to lordosis inhibition in males. Using triple-label immunofluorescent techniques, the present studies explored potential sex differences in the density of these projections within three hypothalamic sites: the VMNvl, the arcuate nucleus (ARC), and the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Antibodies directed against HuC\/D, estrogen receptor (ER)-\u03b1 and either serotonin (5-HT) or the \u03b3-aminobutyric acid synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 were used to compare the densities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-65- and 5-HT-containing fibers in each brain area, the percentage of VMNvl HuC\/D immunoreactive (ir) neurons that contained ER\u03b1, and the percentage of HuC\/D and ER\u03b1 double-labeled cells receiving apparent contacts from 5-HT fibers between adult, gonadectomized male and female rats. The densities of VMNvl and ARC 5-HT immunolabeled fibers were significantly higher in the males, and the percentage of VMNvl HuC\/D-ir neurons containing ER\u03b1 was significantly higher in the females. The percentage of HuC\/D-ir cells contacted by 5-HT fibers was significantly higher in the males, compared with the females, but there was no sex difference in the proportion of those cells receiving contacts that were ER\u03b1-ir. Neonatal administration of estradiol but not genistein masculinized 5-HT content in the adult female VMNvl, but the percentage of HuC\/D-ir cells colabeled with ER\u03b1 was not significantly affected by treatment. A similar, but not statistically significant, pattern was observed in the ARC. These findings suggest that the development of serotonergic inputs to the male VMNvl is orchestrated by neonatal estradiol exposure. The hormone-dependent organization of these 5-HT projection patterns may be an important developmental mechanism accounting for sex-specific behaviors in adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,19]],"date-time":"2007-10-19T00:53:55Z","timestamp":1192755235000},"page":"397-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sex Differences in Serotonergic But Not \u03b3-Aminobutyric Acidergic (GABA) Projections to the Rat Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Heather B.","family":"Patisaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology (H.B.P.), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695"},{"name":"CIIT Centers for Health Research (H.B.P., A.E.F., E.K.P.), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne 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