{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:46:49Z","timestamp":1790174809727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fetal exposure to elevated levels of bioactive glucocorticoids early in gestation, as in suspected cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, may result in adverse neurological events. Fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal development and function may be involved. We investigated immediate and long-term effects of maternal dexamethasone (DEX) administration early in pregnancy on fetal growth and pituitary-adrenal activity in sheep. Pregnant ewes carrying singleton fetuses (total n = 119) were randomized to control (2 ml saline\/ewe) or DEX-treated groups (im injections of 0.14 mg\/kg ewe weight \u00b7 12 h) at 40\u201341 d gestation (dG). At 50, 100, 125, and 140 dG, fetal plasma and tissues were collected. DEX-exposed fetuses were lighter than controls at 100 dG (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not at any other times. Fetal plasma ACTH levels and pituitary POMC and PC-1 mRNA levels were similar between groups. Fetal plasma cortisol levels were significantly reduced after DEX exposure in both male and female fetuses at 50 dG (P &amp;lt; 0.05), were similar at 100 and 125 dG, but were significantly higher than controls at 140 dG. At 140 dG, there was increased adrenal P450C17 and 3\u03b2-HSD mRNA in female fetuses and reduced expression of ACTH-R mRNA in males. Fetal hepatic CBG mRNA levels mimicked plasma cortisol patterns. DEX exposure reduced CBG only in males at 50 dG (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Placental mRNA levels of 11\u03b2-HSD2 were increased after DEX in males (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Therefore, in sheep, early DEX may alter the developmental trajectory of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, directly increasing fetal adrenal activation but not anterior pituitary function. In females, this effect may be attributed, in part, to increased fetal adrenal steroidogenic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,21]],"date-time":"2009-10-21T21:44:59Z","timestamp":1256161499000},"page":"5466-5477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effects of Maternal Dexamethasone Treatment in Early Pregnancy on Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Fetal Sheep"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.B., W.L., M.C.A., S.G.M., J.R.G.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Charite\u0301 Campus Virchow-Klinikum (T.B.), Kliniken fu\u0308r Geburtsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaofu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.B., W.L., M.C.A., S.G.M., J.R.G.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah M.","family":"Sloboda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women\u2019s and Infants\u2019 Health (S.L., D.M.S., T.J.M.M. G.P., I.N., J.P.N., J.R.G.C.), The University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia"},{"name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation (D.M.S., T.J.M.M., G.P., J.P.N.), The University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia"},{"name":"The Liggins Institute (D.M.S.), University of Auckland, and The National Research Centre for Growth and Development, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.B., W.L., M.C.A., S.G.M., J.R.G.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie C.","family":"Audette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.B., W.L., M.C.A., S.G.M., J.R.G.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J. M.","family":"Moss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women\u2019s and Infants\u2019 Health (S.L., D.M.S., T.J.M.M. G.P., I.N., J.P.N., J.R.G.C.), The University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia"},{"name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation (D.M.S., T.J.M.M., G.P., J.P.N.), The University of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiology (T.J.M.M.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen G.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.B., W.L., M.C.A., S.G.M., J.R.G.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Polglase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women\u2019s and Infants\u2019 Health (S.L., D.M.S., T.J.M.M. 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