{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:36:42Z","timestamp":1790768202613,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interest in biological substrates of sex-related variations in psychological and physiological characteristics has led to a search for biomarkers of prenatal hormone exposure that can be measured postnatally. There has been particular interest in digit ratio, the relative lengths of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D), but its validity as a measure of prenatal androgen has not been established. We report the strongest evaluation of the value of 2D:4D as a biomarker for early androgen exposure. Individuals with 46,XY karyotype but no effective prenatal androgen exposure due to complete androgen insensitivity syndrome had digit ratios that were feminized: they were higher than those of typical men and similar to those of typical women. Nevertheless, the effect was modest in size, and there was considerable within-group variability and between-group overlap, indicating that digit ratio is not a good marker of individual differences in prenatal androgen exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,10]],"date-time":"2009-10-10T00:46:21Z","timestamp":1255135581000},"page":"5119-5124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":264,"title":["Fingers as a Marker of Prenatal Androgen Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Sheri A.","family":"Berenbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychology (S.A.B., K.K.B.) 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