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ADM binds to its classical receptor, calcitonin receptor-like receptor\/receptor activity-modifying protein complex on spermatozoa. ADM treatment increases the protein kinase A activities, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and nitric oxide levels of spermatozoa and oviductal cells. Pharmacological activators and inhibitors confirmed that the ADM-induced flagella\/ciliary beating was protein kinase A dependent. Whereas nitric oxide donors had no effect on sperm motility, they potentiated the motility-inducing action of protein kinase A activators, demonstrating for the first time the synergistic action of nitric oxide and protein kinase A signaling in flagellar\/ciliary beating. The ADM-induced motility enhancement effect in spermatozoa also depended on the up-regulation of intracellular calcium, a known key regulator of sperm motility and ciliary beating. In conclusion, ADM is a common activator of flagellar\/ciliary beating. The study provides a physiological basis on possible use of ADM as a fertility regulation drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,6]],"date-time":"2010-05-06T01:49:32Z","timestamp":1273110572000},"page":"3336-3347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Adrenomedullin Regulates Sperm Motility and Oviductal Ciliary Beat via Cyclic Adenosine 5\u2032-Monophosphate\/Protein Kinase A and Nitric Oxide"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Philip C. 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