{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:18:50Z","timestamp":1779236330604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>XL\u03b1s, a variant of the stimulatory G protein \u03b1-subunit (Gs\u03b1), can mediate receptor-activated cAMP generation and, thus, mimic the actions of Gs\u03b1 in transfected cells. However, it remains unknown whether XL\u03b1s can act in a similar manner in vivo. We have now generated mice with ectopic transgenic expression of rat XL\u03b1s in the renal proximal tubule (rptXL\u03b1s mice), where Gs\u03b1 mediates most actions of PTH. Western blots and quantitative RT-PCR showed that, while Gs\u03b1 and type-1 PTH receptor levels were unaltered, protein kinase A activity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-\u03b1-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1) mRNA levels were significantly higher in renal proximal tubules of rptXL\u03b1s mice than wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemical analysis of kidney sections showed that the sodium-phosphate cotransporter type 2a was modestly reduced in brush border membranes of male rptXL\u03b1s mice compared to gender-matched controls. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were within the normal range, but serum PTH was \u223c30% lower in rptXL\u03b1s mice than in controls (152 \u00b1 16 vs. 222 \u00b1 41 pg\/ml; P &amp;lt; 0.05). After crossing the rptXL\u03b1s mice to mice with ablation of maternal Gnas exon 1 (E1m\u2212\/+), male offspring carrying both the XL\u03b1s transgene and maternal Gnas exon 1 ablation (rptXL\u03b1s\/E1m\u2212\/+) were significantly less hypocalcemic than gender-matched E1m\u2212\/+ littermates. Both E1m\u2212\/+ and rptXL\u03b1s\/E1m\u2212\/+ offspring had higher serum PTH than wild-type littermates, but the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism tended to be lower in rptXL\u03b1s\/E1m\u2212\/+ mice. Hence, transgenic XL\u03b1s expression in the proximal tubule enhanced Gs\u03b1-mediated responses, indicating that XL\u03b1s can mimic Gs\u03b1 in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,9]],"date-time":"2011-02-09T03:05:55Z","timestamp":1297220755000},"page":"1222-1233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Transgenic Overexpression of the Extra-Large Gs\u03b1 Variant XL\u03b1s Enhances Gs\u03b1-Mediated Responses in the Mouse Renal Proximal Tubule in Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Zun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (Z.L., H.S., C.A., M.R., L.F.F., M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Segawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (Z.L., H.S., C.A., M.R., L.F.F., M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Nutrition (H.S.), Institution of Health Bioscience, University of Tokushima Graduate School 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cumhur","family":"Aydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (Z.L., H.S., C.A., M.R., L.F.F., M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics (C.A.), Center for Dental Sciences, G\u00fclhane School of Medicine, Ankara 06018, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (Z.L., H.S., C.A., M.R., L.F.F., M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhold G.","family":"Erben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.G.E.), University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee S.","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Branch (L.S.W., M.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Branch (L.S.W., M.C.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Marshansky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology (V.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leopold F.","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (Z.L., H.S., C.A., M.R., L.F.F., M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"},{"name":"Institute of Pathology (L.F.F.), Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Bastepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (Z.L., H.S., C.A., M.R., L.F.F., M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071612364606200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0865","article-title":"Minireview: GNAS: normal and abnormal functions.","volume":"145","author":"Weinstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0544","article-title":"Physiological functions of the imprinted Gnas locus and its protein variants Galpha(s) and XLalpha(s) in human and mouse.","volume":"196","author":"Plagge","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.7.2081","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of the human Gs\u03b1 gene.","volume":"85","author":"Kozasa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/372804a0","article-title":"XL\u03b1s is a new type of G protein","volume":"372","author":"Kehlenbach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10038","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10038","article-title":"The human GNAS1 gene is imprinted and encodes distinct paternally and biallelically expressed G proteins.","volume":"95","author":"Hayward","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3830","article-title":"A cluster of oppositely imprinted transcripts at the Gnas locus in the distal imprinting region of mouse chromosome 2.","volume":"96","author":"Peters","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33622","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001335200","article-title":"Characterization of the extra-large G protein alpha-subunit XLalphas. I. Tissue distribution and subcellular localization.","volume":"275","author":"Pasolli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9879","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98427-9","article-title":"Neural expression of a novel alternatively spliced and polyadenylated Gs alpha transcript.","volume":"268","author":"Crawford","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8366","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308758101","article-title":"XLalphas, the extra-long form of the alpha-subunit of the Gs G protein, is significantly longer than suspected, and so is its companion Alex.","volume":"101","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0318","article-title":"Extralarge XL\u03b1s (XXL\u03b1s), a variant of stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit (Gs\u03b1), is a distinct, membrane-anchored GNAS product that can mimic Gs\u03b1.","volume":"150","author":"Aydin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33633","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006594200","article-title":"Characterization of the extra-large G protein alpha-subunit XLalphas. II. Signal transduction properties.","volume":"275","author":"Klemke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0054","article-title":"Receptor-mediated adenylyl cyclase activation through XLalphas, the extra-large variant of the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit.","volume":"16","author":"Bastepe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1487","article-title":"Coding GNAS mutations leading to hormone resistance impair in vitro agonist- and cholera toxin-induced adenosine cyclic 3\u2032,5\u2032-monophosphate formation mediated by human XL\u03b1s.","volume":"147","author":"Linglart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1397","article-title":"The imprinted signaling protein XLalphas is required for postnatal adaptation to feeding.","volume":"36","author":"Plagge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18989","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M511752200","article-title":"The alternative stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit XLalphas is a critical regulator of energy and glucose metabolism and sympathetic nerve activity in adult mice.","volume":"281","author":"Xie","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19994","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010313200","article-title":"Increased insulin sensitivity in Gsalpha knockout mice.","volume":"276","author":"Yu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8437","article-title":"Paternal versus maternal transmission of a stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit knockout produces opposite effects on energy metabolism.","volume":"105","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8715","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8715","article-title":"Variable and tissue-specific hormone resistance in heterotrimeric Gs protein \u03b1-subunit (Gs\u03b1) knockout mice is due to tissue-specific imprinting of the Gs\u03b1 gene.","volume":"95","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2002.6842","article-title":"The imprinted oedematous-small mutation on mouse chromosome 2 identifies new roles for gnas and gnasxl in development.","volume":"80","author":"Skinner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.30","article-title":"A missense mutation in the non-neural G-protein alpha-subunit isoforms modulates susceptibility to obesity.","volume":"33","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10751","article-title":"Constitutional deletion of chromosome 20q in two patients affected with albright hereditary osteodystrophy.","volume":"113","author":"Aldred","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201448","article-title":"Paternal deletion of the GNAS imprinted locus (including Gnasxl) in two girls presenting with severe pre- and post-natal growth retardation and intractable feeding difficulties.","volume":"13","author":"Genevieve","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408268102","article-title":"Alternative Gnas gene products have opposite effects on glucose and lipid metabolism.","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0681","article-title":"A mouse model of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy generated by targeted disruption of exon 1 of the Gnas gene.","volume":"146","author":"Germain-Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1298","article-title":"Lack of Gnas epigenetic changes and pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib in mice with targeted disruption of syntaxin-16.","volume":"148","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B26","first-page":"F129","article-title":"Distribution of epithelial ankyrin (Ank3) spliceoforms in renal proximal and distal tubules.","volume":"274","author":"Doctor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2205","article-title":"Deletion of the noncoding GNAS antisense transcript causes pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib and biparental defects of GNAS methylation in cis.","volume":"95","author":"Chillambhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14794","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405091101","article-title":"Stimulatory G protein directly regulates hypertrophic differentiation of growth plate cartilage in vivo.","volume":"101","author":"Bastepe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F769","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00248.2006","article-title":"Correlation between hyperphosphatemia and type II Na-Pi cotransporter activity in klotho mice.","volume":"292","author":"Segawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F395","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00100.2006","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone-dependent endocytosis of renal type IIc Na-Pi cotransporter.","volume":"292","author":"Segawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1348","article-title":"V-ATPase interacts with ARNO and Arf6 in early endosomes and regulates the protein degradative pathway.","volume":"8","author":"Hurtado-Lorenzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B32","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Targeting of the rasT24 oncogene to the proximal convoluted tubules in transgenic mice results in hyperplasia and polycystic kidneys.","volume":"142","author":"Schaffner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1387","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone activation of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3\u20131alpha-hydroxylase gene promoter.","volume":"95","author":"Brenza","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.5.6691","article-title":"Positive and negative regulations of the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase gene by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 in intact animals.","volume":"140","author":"Murayama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F792","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2000.278.5.F792","article-title":"Luminal and contraluminal action of 1\u201334 and 3\u201334 PTH peptides on renal type IIa Na-P(i) cotransporter.","volume":"278","author":"Traebert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503562103","article-title":"Regulation of sodium-proton exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) by PKA and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC).","volume":"103","author":"Honegger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F148","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2000.278.1.F148","article-title":"Internalization of proximal tubular type II Na-Pi cotransporter by PTH: immunogold electron microscopy.","volume":"278","author":"Traebert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3208","article-title":"Rapid downregulation of rat renal Na\/P(i) cotransporter in response to parathyroid hormone involves microtubule rearrangement.","volume":"104","author":"Lotscher","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B39","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Hormones and disorders of mineral metabolism","volume-title":"Williams textbook of endocrinology","author":"Bringhurst","year":"2008","edition":"11th ed."},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1398","article-title":"A cis-acting control region is required exclusively for the tissue-specific imprinting of Gnas.","volume":"36","author":"Williamson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5513","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408262102","article-title":"Identification of the control region for tissue-specific imprinting of the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit.","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9275","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910224107","article-title":"Targeted deletion of the Nesp55 DMR defines another Gnas imprinting control region and provides a mouse model of autosomal dominant PHP-Ib.","volume":"107","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-114-3-980","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone receptors coupled to cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation in an established renal cell line.","volume":"114","author":"Teitelbaum","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F355","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90426.2008","article-title":"Signaling pathways utilized by PTH and dopamine to inhibit phosphate transport in mouse renal proximal tubule cells.","volume":"296","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.33","article-title":"Estrogen downregulates the proximal tubule type IIa sodium phosphate cotransporter causing phosphate wasting and hypophosphatemia.","volume":"73","author":"Faroqui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1984.02140450036011","article-title":"The development of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Involvement of progressively increasing serum parathyroid hormone concentrations, increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and \u2018migratory\u2019 subcutaneous calcifications.","volume":"138","author":"Tsang","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2020071612364606200_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1086\/429932","article-title":"A novel STX16 deletion in autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib redefines the boundaries of a cis-acting imprinting control element of GNAS.","volume":"76","author":"Linglart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/152\/4\/1222\/9037269\/endo1222.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/152\/4\/1222\/9037269\/endo1222.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T18:42:20Z","timestamp":1637260940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/152\/4\/1222\/2457577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2010-1034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]]}}}