{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:40:47Z","timestamp":1789749647894,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The epididymis is a male accessory organ and functions for sperm maturation and storage under the control of androgen. The development of the epididymis is also androgen dependent. The Wolffian duct (WD), anlagen of the epididymis, is formed in both male and female embryos; however, it is stabilized only in male embryos by testicular androgen. Androgen drives subsequent differentiation of the WD into the epididymis. Although the essential roles of androgen in WD masculinization and epididymal function have been established, little is known about cellular events regulated precisely by androgen signaling during these processes. It is also unclear whether androgen signaling, especially in the epithelia, has further function for epididymal epithelial cell differentiation. In this study we examined the cellular death and proliferation controlled by androgen signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) in WD stabilization. Analyses using AR knockout mice revealed that androgen signaling inhibits epithelial cell death in this process. Analysis of AP2\u03b1-Cre;ARflox\/Y mice, in which AR function is deleted in the WD epithelium, revealed that epithelial AR is not required for the WD stabilization but is required for epithelial cell differentiation in the epididymis. Specifically, loss of epithelial AR significantly reduced expression of p63 that is essential for differentiation of basal cells in the epididymal epithelium. We also interrogated the possibility of regulation of the p63 gene (Trp63) by AR in vitro and found that p63 is a likely direct target of AR regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]],"date-time":"2011-02-08T22:05:55Z","timestamp":1297202755000},"page":"1640-1651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Essential Roles of Androgen Signaling in Wolffian Duct Stabilization and Epididymal Cell Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Aki","family":"Murashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Center of Excellence \u201cCell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit\u201d (A.M., S.M., Y.O., H.N.-F., G.Y.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Center of Excellence \u201cCell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit\u201d (A.M., S.M., Y.O., H.N.-F., G.Y.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"},{"name":"Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (S.M., Y.O.), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Ogino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Center of Excellence \u201cCell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit\u201d (A.M., S.M., Y.O., H.N.-F., G.Y.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"},{"name":"Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (S.M., Y.O.), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisayo","family":"Nishida-Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Center of Excellence \u201cCell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit\u201d (A.M., S.M., Y.O., H.N.-F., G.Y.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (H.N.-F.), Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimi","family":"Araki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Resource Development and Analysis (K.A., T.Ka., K.Ya.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (T.M., S.K.), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Health Biosciences (T.M.), University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehito","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Resource Development and Analysis (K.A., T.Ka., K.Ya.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Animals (T.Ka.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Yoshinaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences (K.Yo.), Graduate School of Health Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Resource Development and Analysis (K.A., T.Ka., K.Ya.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kurita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Biology Research (T.Ku.), Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (T.M., S.K.), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (A.M.M.), Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global Center of Excellence \u201cCell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit\u201d (A.M., S.M., Y.O., H.N.-F., G.Y.), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071612380103300_B1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Evolution of the vertebrate epididymis","volume-title":"The epididymis","author":"Jones","year":"2002"},{"key":"2020071612380103300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070300106","article-title":"Epididymal epithelium: its contribution to the formation of a luminal fluid 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