{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:31:55Z","timestamp":1772692315913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Radioiodine-131 released from nuclear reactor accidents has dramatically increased the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer in exposed individuals. The deposition of ionizing radiation in cells results in double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) at fragile sites, and this early event can generate oncogenic rearrangements that eventually cause cancer. The aims of this study were to develop a method to show DNA DSBs induced by 131I in thyroid cells; to test monovalent anions that are transported by the sodium\/iodide symporter to determine whether they prevent 131I-induced DSB; and to test other radioprotective agents for their effect on irradiated thyroid cells. Rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells were incubated with 131I. DSBs were measured by nuclear immunofluorescence using antibodies to p53-binding protein 1 or \u03b3H2AX. Incubation with 1\u201310 \u03bcCi 131I per milliliter for 90 min resulted in a dose-related increase of DSBs; the number of DSBs increased from a baseline of 4\u201315% before radiation to 65\u201390% after radiation. GH3 or CHO cells that do not transport iodide did not develop DSBs when incubated with 131I. Incubation with 20\u2013100 \u03bcm iodide or thiocyanate markedly attenuated DSBs. Perchlorate was about 6 times more potent than iodide or thiocyanate. The effects of the anions were much greater when each was added 30\u2013120 min before the 131I. Two natural organic compounds recently shown to provide radiation protection partially prevented DSBs caused by 131I and had an additive effect with perchlorate. In conclusion, we developed a thyroid cell model to quantify the mitogenic effect of 131I. 131I causes DNA DSBs in FRTL-5 cells and had no effect on cells that do not transport iodide. Perchlorate, iodide, and thiocyanate protect against DSBs induced by 131I.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,30]],"date-time":"2010-12-30T01:34:46Z","timestamp":1293672886000},"page":"1130-1135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevention of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced by Radioiodide-131I in FRTL-5 Thyroid Cells"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Jerome M.","family":"Hershman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armen","family":"Okunyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yelena","family":"Rivina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Hogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90073"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071614144213800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e3181dc4e84","article-title":"Projected lifetime cancer risks from exposure to regional radioactive fallout in the Marshall Islands.","volume":"99","author":"Land","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.349","article-title":"Radiation carcinogenesis: lessons from Chernobyl.","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1198.1","article-title":"Radiation risk modeling of thyroid cancer with special emphasis on the Chernobyl epidemiological data.","volume":"172","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011063031903","article-title":"Suppression of thyroid radioiodine uptake by various doses of stable iodide.","volume":"303","author":"Sternthal","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B5","first-page":"2940","article-title":"In vitro irradiation is able to cause RET oncogene rearrangement.","volume":"53","author":"Ito","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.1999.0921","article-title":"Gene rearrangement and Chernobyl related thyroid cancers.","volume":"82","author":"Santoro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.09.068","article-title":"New molecular targets in radiotherapy: DNA damage signalling and repair in targeted and non-targeted cells.","volume":"625","author":"Burdak-Rothkamm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.06.010","article-title":"DNA double-strand breaks: their production, recognition, and repair in eukaryotes.","volume":"669","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076182","article-title":"53BP1, a mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint.","volume":"298","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.12.041","article-title":"RNF168 binds and amplifies ubiquitin conjugates on damaged chromosomes to allow accumulation of repair proteins.","volume":"136","author":"Doil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E802","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00013.2008","article-title":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases active transport of perchlorate into thyroid cells.","volume":"294","author":"Tran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B12","first-page":"323","article-title":"Flow cytometric methods for detection and quantification of apoptosis.","volume":"85","author":"Steensma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods Mol Med"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7238","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1964","article-title":"High-throughput screening identifies two classes of antibiotics as radioprotectors: tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2008.0195","article-title":"H2AX phosphorylation and kinetics of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair in human primary thyrocytes.","volume":"19","author":"Galleani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-09-0020","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide induces DNA single- and double-strand breaks in thyroid cells and is therefore a potential mutagen for this organ.","volume":"16","author":"Driessens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3508.1","article-title":"Phosphorylated histone H2AX foci persist on rejoined mitotic chromosomes in normal human diploid cells exposed to ionizing radiation.","volume":"165","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220744","article-title":"Anion selectivity by the sodium iodide symporter.","volume":"144","author":"Van Sande","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.8.6893","article-title":"Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium\/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein.","volume":"140","author":"Eng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B19","volume-title":"Radiological health handbook","year":"1970"},{"key":"2020071614144213800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0960","article-title":"Rising thyroid cancer incidence in the United States by demographic and tumor characteristics, 1980\u20132005.","volume":"18","author":"Enewold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/152\/3\/1130\/9038468\/endo1130.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/152\/3\/1130\/9038468\/endo1130.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T01:44:44Z","timestamp":1594950284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/152\/3\/1130\/2457425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2010-1163","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]}}}