{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:46:16Z","timestamp":1789382776023,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1788,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/us\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity is subject to negative feedback control by glucocorticoids. Although the rapid component of this feedback is widely considered to contribute to regulation of dynamic HPA activity, few in vivo data exist on the temporal and pharmacological characteristics of this phenomenon. Thus, frequent automated blood sampling was undertaken in rats to determine the effects of acute glucocorticoid administration on basal and stress-induced corticosterone secretion. The glucocorticoid agonist methylprednisolone (5\u20132000 \u03bcg) or dexamethasone (5\u2013500 \u03bcg) injected iv at the peak of the diurnal rhythm caused dose-dependent suppression of basal corticosterone secretion, which was attenuated by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486. With 50 \u03bcg methylprednisolone, the onset of this suppression occurred at 40 min and remained significant for 120 min. However, although higher doses led to a greater and more sustained suppression of endogenous corticosterone, the response was delayed by the emergence of an initial stimulatory response that imposed a finite minimum delay. A corticosterone response to injection of CRH (1 \u03bcg, iv) during the period of maximal suppression indicated a suprapituitary site for the inhibitory effect glucocorticoid activation. This mechanism was supported by glucocorticoid injection immediately before a psychological stress (30 min, white noise); methylprednisolone caused dose-dependent attenuation of stress-induced corticosterone release and expression of the activity marker c-fos mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus but did not block the pituitary response to CRH. Thus, in rats, glucocorticoid receptor activation rapidly suppresses basal and stress-induced HPA activity that operates, at least in part, through a central mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,16]],"date-time":"2011-11-16T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1321444061000},"page":"200-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Acute Glucocorticoid Administration Rapidly Suppresses Basal and Stress-Induced Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Marcus H.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (M.H.A., S.A.W., S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (M.H.A., S.A.W., S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Windle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Physiotherapy (R.J.W), University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stafford L.","family":"Lightman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (M.H.A., S.A.W., S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin D.","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience (C.D.I.), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071614254165800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-4-1314","article-title":"Effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone administration on the level of prepro-corticotropin-releasing factor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the hypothalamus and adrenocorticotropin\/\u03b2-lipotropin precursor mRNA in the pituitary in rats.","volume":"117","author":"Jingami","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1159\/000124846","article-title":"Dexamethasone inhibits corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in the rat paraventricular nucleus.","volume":"46","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(89)90066-6","article-title":"Glucocorticoid repression of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription.","volume":"34","author":"Drouin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.11.4306","article-title":"Influence of steroids on the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor and preproenkephalin mRNA responses to stress.","volume":"86","author":"Lightman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90195-B","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid inhibition of human proopiomelanocortin gene transcription.","volume":"40","author":"Nakai","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5642","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.12.7214","article-title":"Differential regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin transcription by glucocorticoids.","volume":"140","author":"Ma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2005.08.001","article-title":"Fast glucocorticoid actions on brain: back to the future.","volume":"26","author":"Dallman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0503","article-title":"Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Org 34850 on fast and delayed feedback of corticosterone release.","volume":"196","author":"Spiga","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B9","first-page":"E1011","article-title":"Corticosteroids mediate fast feedback of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis via the mineralocorticoid receptor.","volume":"294","author":"Atkinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6106","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5332-09.2010","article-title":"Rapid glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ultradian activity in healthy males.","volume":"30","author":"Russell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00045-1","article-title":"Dexamethasone suppression of corticosteroid secretion: evaluation of the site of action by receptor measures and functional studies.","volume":"25","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026499604848","article-title":"Rapid non-genomic feedback effects of glucocorticoids on CRF-induced ACTH secretion in rats.","volume":"17","author":"Hinz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.19.6174","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-sensitive hippocampal neurons are involved in terminating the adrenocortical stress response.","volume":"81","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.01100.x","article-title":"Acute glucocorticoid pretreatment suppresses stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone secretion and expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone hnRNA but does not affect c-fos mRNA or Fos protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.","volume":"15","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-2-118","article-title":"The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.","volume":"12","author":"Jacobson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(94)00039-K","article-title":"Neural mechanisms involved in the corticosteroid feedback effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.","volume":"45","author":"Feldman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.08.006","article-title":"Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation: Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.","volume":"29","author":"Herman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051624198","article-title":"A feedback-controlled ensemble model of the stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.","volume":"98","author":"Keenan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.2148","article-title":"Origin of ultradian pulsatility in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.","volume":"277","author":"Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-101-2-498","article-title":"Effects of corticosterone, dexamethasone and surgical isolation of the medial basal hypothalamus on rapid feedback control of stress-induced corticotropin secretion in female rats.","volume":"101","author":"Abe","year":"1977","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-126-4-1959","article-title":"Fast feedback control of canine corticotropin by cortisol.","volume":"126","author":"Keller-Wood","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1159\/000125388","article-title":"Decreased sensitivity to glucocorticoid fast feedback in chronically stressed rats.","volume":"51","author":"Young","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2000.00569.x","article-title":"Chronic iodine deprivation attenuates stress-induced and diurnal variation in corticosterone secretion in female Wistar rats.","volume":"12","author":"Nolan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02405-7","article-title":"Sensitivity of glucocorticoid-mediated fast-feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is dependent upon stressor specific neurocircuitry.","volume":"870","author":"Thrivikraman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2007.01605.x","article-title":"Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Org 34850 on basal and stress-induced corticosterone secretion.","volume":"19","author":"Spiga","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1139\/y75-067","article-title":"Feedback inhibition of adrenocorticotropin release by corticosterone infusions in the adrenalectomised rat.","volume":"53","author":"Rotsztejn","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-103-4-1173","article-title":"Progressive suppression of adrenocorticotropin secretion in resting adrenalectomized dogs by low stepwise infusions of cortisol.","volume":"103","author":"Cowan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1139\/y83-185","article-title":"Feedback suppression of ACTH secretion by cortisol in dogs: Lags after large signals equal those following very small signals.","volume":"61","author":"Cowan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0920443","article-title":"Negative, rate-sensitive feedback effects on adrenocorticotrophin secretion by cortisol in normal subjects.","volume":"92","author":"Reader","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810320017003","article-title":"Loss of glucocorticoid fast feedback in depression.","volume":"48","author":"Young","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90037-7","article-title":"The effects of cortisol infusion upon hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary and subjective mood in depressive illness and in controls.","volume":"26","author":"Goodwin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(96)81880-4","article-title":"Intermediate glucocorticoid feedback of corticotropin secretion in patients with major depression.","volume":"59","author":"Kellner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(96)00046-7","article-title":"Cortisol feedback effects on plasma corticotropin levels in healthy subjects.","volume":"22","author":"Posener","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B34","first-page":"1380","article-title":"Age-related changes in glucocorticoid fast feedback inhibition of adrenocorticotropin in man.","volume":"83","author":"Boscaro","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01059655","article-title":"Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in normal and adrenalectomized rats.","volume":"14","author":"Boudinot","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Biopharm"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2004.01195.x","article-title":"Gonadectomy reverses the sexually diergic patterns of circadian and stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in male and female rats.","volume":"16","author":"Seale","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.2.5721","article-title":"Ultradian rhythm of basal corticosterone release in the female rat: dynamic interaction with the response to acute stress.","volume":"139","author":"Windle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/0470870796.ch14","article-title":"Significance of pulsatility in the HPA axis.","volume":"227","author":"Lightman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Novartis Foundation Symp"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.08.041","article-title":"Reduced stress responsiveness in pregnancy: Relationship with pattern of forebrain c-fos mRNA expression.","volume":"1358","author":"Windle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0550489","article-title":"Characteristics of fast feedback control of corticotrophin release by corticosteroids.","volume":"55","author":"Jones","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0730405","article-title":"Dynamics and mechanisms of corticosteroid feedback at the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland.","volume":"73","author":"Jones","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B42","first-page":"R39","article-title":"Fast, rate-sensitive corticosteroid negative feedback during stress.","volume":"234","author":"Kaneko","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(91)90027-X","article-title":"Fast feedback regulation of ACTH by cortisol.","volume":"15","author":"Krishnan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.222.6.1458","article-title":"Effects of chronic ACTH stimulation on adrenocortical function in young and aged rats.","volume":"222","author":"Hess","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000003377.39548.f6","article-title":"Structural determinants of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of glucocorticoids.","volume":"20","author":"Yates","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800009066179","article-title":"Interactions of CRH, AVP and cortisol in the secretion of ACTH from perifused equine anterior pituitary cells: \u201cpermissive\u201d roles for cortisol and CRH.","volume":"26","author":"Livesey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510397","article-title":"Transactivation via the human glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor by therapeutically used steroids in CV-1 cells: a comparison of their glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid properties.","volume":"151","author":"Grossmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(88)90010-0","article-title":"Effects of low dosages of intravenous dexamethasone on serum cortisol concentrations in the normal cat.","volume":"44","author":"Peterson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1922","article-title":"Ultradian hormone stimulation induces glucocorticoid receptor-mediated pulses of gene transcription.","volume":"11","author":"Stavreva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B50","first-page":"311","article-title":"Corticosterone pretreatment suppresses stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity via multiple actions that vary with time, site of action and de novo protein synthesis.","volume":"208","author":"Osterlund","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000126511","article-title":"Glucocorticoid feedback regulation of adrenocortical responses to neural stimuli: role of CRF-41 and corticosteroid type I and type II receptors.","volume":"58","author":"Weidenfeld","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1750251","article-title":"The role of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein in brain penetrance of prednisolone.","volume":"175","author":"Karssen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071614254165800_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0285","article-title":"Fast feedback inhibition of the HPA axis by glucocorticoids is mediated by endocannabinoid signalling.","volume":"151","author":"Evanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/153\/1\/200\/20217707\/endo0200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/153\/1\/200\/20217707\/endo0200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,14]],"date-time":"2024-04-14T15:43:26Z","timestamp":1713109406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/153\/1\/200\/2424363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2011-1434","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]}}}