{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:55:12Z","timestamp":1791046512087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid hormone (TH) plays critical roles during vertebrate postembryonic development. TH production in the thyroid involves incorporating inorganic iodide into thyroglobulin. The expression of iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD; also known as iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1) in the thyroid gland ensures efficient recycling of iodine from the byproducts of TH biosynthesis: 3\u2032-monoiodotyrosine and 3\u2032, 5\u2032-diiodotyrosine. Interestingly, IYD is known to be expressed in other organs in adult mammals, suggesting iodine recycling outside the thyroid. On the other hand, the developmental role of iodine recycling has yet to be investigated. Here, using intestinal metamorphosis as a model, we discovered that the Xenopus tropicalis IYD gene is strongly up-regulated by TH during metamorphosis in the intestine but not the tail. We further demonstrated that this induction was one of the earliest events during intestinal metamorphosis, with IYD being activated directly through the binding of liganded TH receptors to a TH response element in the IYD promoter region. Because iodide is mainly taken up from the diet in the intestine and the tadpole stops feeding during metamorphosis when the intestine is being remodeled, our findings suggest that IYD transcription is activated by liganded TH receptors early during intestinal remodeling to ensure efficient iodine recycling at the climax of metamorphosis when highest levels of TH are needed for the proper transformations of different organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,21]],"date-time":"2012-09-21T17:45:03Z","timestamp":1348249503000},"page":"5082-5089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Direct Activation of Xenopus Iodotyrosine Deiodinase by Thyroid Hormone Receptor in the Remodeling Intestine during Amphibian Metamorphosis"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Kenta","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswajit","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liezhen","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Bo","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071613005468400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.3.1097","article-title":"Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action.","volume":"81","author":"Yen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2020071613005468400_B2","volume-title":"The story of iodine deficiency: an international challenge in nutrition","author":"Hetzel","year":"1989"},{"key":"2020071613005468400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010083132071","article-title":"Regulation of sodium\/iodide symporter.","volume":"1","author":"Jhiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2020071613005468400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0029","article-title":"The sodium\/iodide Symporter (NIS): characterization, regulation, and medical significance.","volume":"24","author":"Doh\u00e1n","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071613005468400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.03.010","article-title":"Genetics and phenomics of hypothyroidism and goiter due to iodotyrosine 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Flavin nucleotide binding and oxidation-reduction properties.","volume":"254","author":"Goswami","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071613005468400_B12","first-page":"96","article-title":"Identification of novel genes involved in congenital hypothyroidism using serial analysis of gene expression.","volume":"60","author":"Moreno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"2020071613005468400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706819","article-title":"Mutations in the iodotyrosine deiodinase gene and hypothyroidism.","volume":"358","author":"Moreno","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071613005468400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.715","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a novel isoform of iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (DEHAL1) DEHAL1C from human thyroid: comparisons with DEHAL1 and 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