{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:06:53Z","timestamp":1789456013223,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The neonatal porcine cervix is sensitive to hormones, including relaxin (RLX), from birth. Whether nursing is required to establish the cervical developmental program or to determine cervical developmental trajectory is unknown. The objective of study 1 was to determine effects of age and nursing on expression of molecular markers and mediators of porcine cervical growth and remodeling from birth to postnatal day (PND) 2 and to document effects of RLX treatment during this period on expression of targeted gene products in nursed vs. replacer-fed gilts. Study 2 was conducted to determine effects of age at first nursing and duration of nursing from birth on expression of targeted transcripts or proteins at PND 14. Nursing supported cervical estrogen receptor-\u03b1, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, and antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 protein expression on PND 2. These proteins were undetectable in replacer-fed gilts. Returning replacer-fed gilts to nursing after PND 2 did not restore cervical expression of these proteins by PND 14. RLX increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) cervical estrogen receptor-\u03b1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and B-cell lymphoma-2 protein in nursed gilts, MMP2 protein in nursed and replacer-fed gilts, and decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) pro-MMP9 protein in nursed gilts, and RXFP1 mRNA levels in nursed and replacer-fed gilts at PND 2. Replacer feeding for 2 wk from birth increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) RXFP1 mRNA levels on PND 14. Results support the lactocrine hypothesis for maternal programming of neonatal tissues. Nursing from birth is required to establish the neonatal cervical developmental program and to maintain cervical developmental trajectory to PND 14.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T14:21:47Z","timestamp":1341930107000},"page":"4511-4521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Nursing During the First Two Days of Life Is Essential for the Expression of Proteins Important for Growth and Remodeling of the Neonatal Porcine Cervix"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Amy-Lynn","family":"Frankshun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences (A.-L.F., J.C., L.A.B., T.-Y.H., K.M.R., C.A.B.), Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences (A.-L.F., J.C., L.A.B., T.-Y.H., K.M.R., C.A.B.), Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Barron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences (A.-L.F., J.C., L.A.B., T.-Y.H., K.M.R., C.A.B.), Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teh-Yuan","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences (A.-L.F., J.C., L.A.B., T.-Y.H., K.M.R., C.A.B.), Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dori J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy (D.J.M., F.F.B.), Physiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences (A.-L.F., J.C., L.A.B., T.-Y.H., K.M.R., C.A.B.), Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank F.","family":"Bartol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy (D.J.M., F.F.B.), Physiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Bagnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences (A.-L.F., J.C., L.A.B., T.-Y.H., K.M.R., C.A.B.), Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071612143415000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.6.1338","article-title":"A conserved Hox axis in the mouse and human female reproductive system: late establishment and persistent adult expression of the Hoxa cluster genes.","volume":"57","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612143415000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(99)00134-8","article-title":"Genetic, environmental and maternal influences on embryonic cardiac rhythms.","volume":"124","author":"Burggren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612143415000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01174.x","article-title":"Epigenetic programming of porcine endometrial function and the lactocrine hypothesis.","volume":"43","author":"Bartol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"2020071612143415000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.135.3.8070369","article-title":"Individual and combined effects of relaxin, estrogen, and progesterone in ovariectomized gilts. 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