{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:49:32Z","timestamp":1778734172801,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Low sexual desire concomitant with feelings of distress is reported in naturally and surgically menopausal women. A combination of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) restores sexual desire and interest in these women. The central mechanisms by which E2 and T act to restore desire are poorly understood. Here we examined the effect of chronic treatment with testosterone propionate (TP) administered by a sc SILASTIC brand capsule in aged ovary-intact female rats. Females were first treated with TP alone, followed by a second phase when TP was administered in combination with estradiol benzoate (EB; 10 \u03bcg) by sc injection 48 h prior to testing (EB+TP). Each phase consisted of 5 test days at 4-d intervals. Appetitive and consummatory female sexual behaviors were observed in bilevel chambers, and plasma E2 and T concentrations were measured with ELISA. Sexual solicitations and hops and darts were facilitated by the highest TP dose, and the lordosis quotient was increased by the two highest TP doses when administered alone, coinciding with an increase in plasma T, but those behavioral effects were not maintained across time. The lordosis quotient was inversely related to the TP dose in the EB+TP phase. These results suggest that the administration of TP by sc capsules to aged female rats facilitates appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors; however, chronic treatment appears to be inhibitory. This is the first study to assess sexual behavior after SILASTIC brand implants of TP in the aged female rat. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of T on female sexual function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,16]],"date-time":"2012-10-16T06:03:17Z","timestamp":1350367397000},"page":"5928-5939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effects of Chronic Administration of Testosterone Propionate with or without Estradiol on the Sexual Behavior and Plasma Steroid Levels of Aged Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Sherri Lee","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H4B 1R6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nafissa","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H4B 1R6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonora","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H4B 1R6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Pfaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada H4B 1R6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071612523688100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2006.03.009","article-title":"Androgen insufficiency in women.","volume":"16","author":"Braunstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(94)90008-6","article-title":"Changes of ovarian hormone function with aging.","volume":"29","author":"Judd","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.2.3.459","article-title":"Testosterone and libido in surgically and naturally menopausal women.","volume":"2","author":"Alexander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond Engl)"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31803df49c","article-title":"Surgical versus natural menopause: cognitive issues.","volume":"14","author":"Henderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00449.x","article-title":"Testosterone treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women.","volume":"4","author":"Kingsberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000292735","article-title":"Psychological reactions and sexual life after hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy.","volume":"34","author":"Nathorst-B\u00f6\u00f6s","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009073431002","article-title":"Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy.","volume":"343","author":"Shifren","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000172596.76272.06","article-title":"Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women: U.S. results from the Women's International Study of Health and Sexuality (WISHeS).","volume":"13","author":"Leiblum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00215.x","article-title":"Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in menopausal women: a survey of western European women.","volume":"3","author":"Dennerstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/cmt.4.4.299.305","article-title":"Vaginal symptoms in Japanese postmenopausal women: comparison with other climacteric symptoms.","volume":"4","author":"Takamatsu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3109\/13697139909038085","article-title":"Factors affecting sexual functioning of women in the mid-life years.","volume":"2","author":"Dennerstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00887.x","article-title":"Effect of hormone replacement therapy on clitoral artery blood flow in healthy postmenopausal women.","volume":"5","author":"Alatas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01309.x","article-title":"Pathways of sexual desire.","volume":"6","author":"Pfaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-2-336","article-title":"The impact of different doses of estrogen and progestin on mood and sexual behavior in postmenopausal women.","volume":"72","author":"Sherwin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1037\/0708-5591.49.1.42","article-title":"Hormones, the brain, and me.","volume":"49","author":"Sherwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Psychol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02969-2","article-title":"Female androgen insufficiency: the Princeton consensus statement on definition, classification and assessment.","volume":"77","author":"Bachmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1071\/SH05055","article-title":"A clinical update on female androgen insufficiency-testosterone testing and treatment in women presenting with low sexual desire.","volume":"3","author":"Burger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02961-8","article-title":"Sexual effects of androgens in women: some theoretical considerations.","volume":"77","author":"Bancroft","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00333-7","article-title":"Testosterone influences libido and well being in women.","volume":"12","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(93)90024-F","article-title":"The relationship between mood and sexuality in women using an oral contraceptive as a treatment for premenstrual symptoms.","volume":"18","author":"Graham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1978.tb00048.x","article-title":"The effects on sexual response and mood after sterilization of women taking long-term oral contraception: results of a double-blind cross-over study.","volume":"18","author":"Leeton","year":"1978","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(84)90008-2","article-title":"The management of persistent menopausal symptoms with oestradiol-testosterone implants: clinical, lipid and hormonal results.","volume":"6","author":"Burger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6577.936","article-title":"Effect of combined implants of oestradiol and testosterone on libido in postmenopausal women.","volume":"294","author":"Burger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198507000-00004","article-title":"Androgen enhances sexual motivation in females: a prospective, crossover study of sex steroid administration in the surgical menopause.","volume":"47","author":"Sherwin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03002-9","article-title":"Randomized clinical trials of combined estrogen-androgen preparations: effects on sexual functioning.","volume":"77","author":"Sherwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B26","first-page":"E965","article-title":"Neuroendocrine modulation of the \u201cmenopause\u201d: insights into the aging brain.","volume":"277","author":"Wise","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470755235.ch1","article-title":"Preclinical research and animal models in sexual medicine","volume-title":"Standards in practical sexual medicine","author":"Giuliano","year":"2006"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1996.0024","article-title":"Frank A. Beach Award: homologies of animal and human sexual behaviors.","volume":"30","author":"Pfaus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00610.x","article-title":"Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function.","volume":"4","author":"Pfaus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02431729","article-title":"Sexual behavior and some of its physiological consequences in persistently estrous aged female rats.","volume":"3","author":"Borchardt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(86)90038-2","article-title":"Sexual behaviors of aging female rats: influence of age and hormonal state of male partners.","volume":"7","author":"Chambers","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077690","article-title":"Reproduction in aging normal and neonatally androgenized female rats.","volume":"94","author":"Gerall","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol Psychol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod24.3.591","article-title":"Ovarian progestins, androgens and estrogen throughout the 4-day estrous cycle in the rat.","volume":"24","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1700157","article-title":"Urinary hormone levels during the natural menstrual cycle: the effect of age.","volume":"170","author":"Hall Moran","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B35","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hormones and reproductive behaviors: neuroendocrinology of sexual behavior in the female","volume-title":"Behavioral endocrinology","author":"McCarthy","year":"2002"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(74)90040-3","article-title":"Estrogen-progesterone induction of mating in female rats.","volume":"5","author":"Whalen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1999.1562","article-title":"Appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of female rats in bilevel chambers II. Patterns of estrus termination following vaginocervical stimulation.","volume":"37","author":"Pfaus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(77)90054-3","article-title":"Sexual behavior in aged, noncycling female rats.","volume":"18","author":"Cooper","year":"1977","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-103-5-1855","article-title":"Patterns of sex steroid and gonadotropin secretion in aging female rats.","volume":"103","author":"Huang","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod38.4.780","article-title":"Reproductive senescence in female rats: a longitudinal study of individual differences in estrous cycles and behavior.","volume":"38","author":"LeFevre","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-51-13979","article-title":"Importance of progesterone to induction of sexual receptivity in spayed female rats.","volume":"51","author":"Beach","year":"1942","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-25-3-359","article-title":"The estrogen-progesterone induction of mating responses in the spayed female rat.","volume":"25","author":"Boling","year":"1939","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-69842002000400008","article-title":"Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations.","volume":"62","author":"Marcondes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Braz J Biol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0980365","article-title":"Plasma testosterone levels in adult and neonatal female rats bearing testosterone propionate-filled silicone elastomer capsules for varying periods of time.","volume":"98","author":"Sommerville","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.07.007","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and effects of 17\u03b2-estradiol and progesterone implants in ovariectomized rats.","volume":"6","author":"Mannino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(87)90345-3","article-title":"An improved chamber for the observation and analysis of the sexual behavior of the female rat.","volume":"39","author":"Mendelson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1999.1516","article-title":"Appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of female rats in bilevel chambers. I. A correlational and factor analysis and the effects of ovarian hormones.","volume":"35","author":"Pfaus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(71)90120-X","article-title":"Effects of mounts without intromission upon the behavior of female rats during the onset of estrogen-induced heat.","volume":"7","author":"Hardy","year":"1971","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B49","volume-title":"The rat: a study in behaviour","author":"Barnett","year":"1963"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod37.5.1198","article-title":"Neuroendocrine control of luteinizing hormone secretion and reproductive function in spontaneously persistent-estrous aging rats.","volume":"37","author":"Matt","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.11.003","article-title":"Endocrine, neural and pharmacological aspects of sexual satiety in male rats.","volume":"33","author":"Phillips-Farf\u00e1n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/laban0111-14","article-title":"Progressive abdominal enlargement and limb weakness in aged, hormonally treated female rats.","volume":"40","author":"Paredes-Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Animal"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod21.1.193","article-title":"Chronological changes in sex steroid, gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in aging female rats displaying different reproductive states.","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.4.765","article-title":"Aromatization of testosterone by adipose tissue and sexual behavior of castrated male rats.","volume":"27","author":"Drago","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(78)90033-1","article-title":"Role of androgen in sexual reflexes of the male rat.","volume":"21","author":"Davidson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.4.891","article-title":"Reproductive system of the obese male Zucker rat. Reproductive capacity, artificial insemination and plasma testosterone levels.","volume":"27","author":"Edmonds","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-103-4-1111","article-title":"Daily rhythmicity of serum testosterone concentration in the male laboratory rat.","volume":"103","author":"Mock","year":"1978","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.33.447","article-title":"Strain differences in hepatic cytochrome P450 1A and 3A expression between Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.","volume":"33","author":"Kishida","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-111-4-1329","article-title":"Increased plasma testosterone in streptozotocin-diabetic female rats.","volume":"111","author":"Leaming","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1864","article-title":"Position statement: utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement.","volume":"92","author":"Rosner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B61","first-page":"135","article-title":"Evaluation of the determination of reference ranges for reproductive hormones (prolactin, FSH, LH, and testosterone) using enzyme immunoassay method.","volume":"2","author":"Amballi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci Res Essays"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(95)00226-X","article-title":"The effects of steroidal contraceptives on the well-being and sexuality of women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-centre study of combined and progestogen-only methods.","volume":"52","author":"Graham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00294.x","article-title":"Comparison of androgens in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: those on combined oral contraceptives (COCs) vs. those not on COCs.","volume":"3","author":"Warnock","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(88)90237-5","article-title":"Injections of cholecystokinin into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus inhibit lordosis behavior in the rat.","volume":"43","author":"Babcock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(87)90012-6","article-title":"Cholecystokinin stimulates and inhibits lordosis behavior in female rats.","volume":"39","author":"Bloch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2001.1703","article-title":"Inhibition of lordosis behavior in male and female rats by androgens and progesterone.","volume":"40","author":"Butler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.06.009","article-title":"Neuroprogesterone: key to estrogen positive feedback?","volume":"57","author":"Micevych","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901334","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in women: a review.","volume":"17","author":"Bolour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.02.011","article-title":"Role of testosterone in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder.","volume":"63","author":"Schwenkhagen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-111-5-1581","article-title":"The site of action of intrahypothalamic estrogen implants in feminine sexual behavior: an autoradiographic analysis.","volume":"111","author":"Davis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0170583","article-title":"Differential localization of a male and a female hypothalamic mating centre.","volume":"17","author":"D\u00f6rner","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1962.203.3.493","article-title":"Diencephalic placement of estradiol and sexual receptivity in the female rat.","volume":"203","author":"Lisk","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-110-2-620","article-title":"Hypothalamic protein synthesis essential for the activation of the lordosis reflex in the female rat.","volume":"110","author":"Parsons","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8084-9","volume-title":"Estrogens and brain function: neural analysis of a hormone-controlled mammalian reproductive behavior","author":"Pfaff","year":"1980"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90642-3","article-title":"The effects of implanting testosterone propionate into the central nervous system on the sexual behaviour of adrenalectomised female rhesus monkeys.","volume":"86","author":"Everitt","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02328.1995","article-title":"Estrogen regulation of GABA, receptor subunit mRNA expression in preoptic area and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of female rat brain.","volume":"15","author":"Herbison","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1159\/000125781","article-title":"Sex difference in estradiol regulation of progestin receptor mRNA in rat mediobasal hypothalamus as demonstrated by in situ hybridization.","volume":"53","author":"Lauber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1331.2001.00750.x","article-title":"Regulation and expression of progesterone receptor mRNA isoforms A and B in the male and female rat hypothalamus and pituitary following oestrogen treatment.","volume":"14","author":"Scott","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(93)90254-T","article-title":"Aromatase activity in the rat brain: hormonal regulation and sex differences.","volume":"44","author":"Roselli","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(96)00157-9","article-title":"Steroid modulation of neurotransmitter function to alter female reproductive behavior.","volume":"7","author":"McCarthy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0774","article-title":"Estradiol stimulates progesterone synthesis in hypothalamic astrocyte cultures.","volume":"148","author":"Micevych","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000073511","article-title":"Estrogen induces de novo progesterone synthesis in astrocytes.","volume":"25","author":"Sinchak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1310","article-title":"Sex differences in androgen receptors and aromatase activity in microdissected regions of the rat brain.","volume":"128","author":"Roselli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2006.03.009","article-title":"Imaging of aromatase distribution in rat and rhesus monkey brains with [11C]vorozole.","volume":"33","author":"Takahashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucl Med Biol"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20791","article-title":"Unique distribution of aromatase in the human brain: in vivo studies with PET and [N-methyl-11C]vorozole.","volume":"64","author":"Biegon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7465","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07465.1995","article-title":"Extracellular dopamine in the medial preoptic area: implications for sexual motivation and hormonal control of copulation.","volume":"15","author":"Hull","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.08.018","article-title":"Dopamine and serotonin: influences on male sexual behavior.","volume":"83","author":"Hull","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.02.074","article-title":"Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and gonadal steroid interaction in the MPOA of male rats: co-localization and testosterone-induced restoration of copulation and nNOS-immunoreactivity.","volume":"1043","author":"Sato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890050211","article-title":"Direct effect of 17\u03b2-estradiol on striatum: sex differences in dopamine release.","volume":"5","author":"Becker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.08.012","article-title":"Differential regulation of female sexual behaviour by dopamine agonists in the medial preoptic area.","volume":"97","author":"Graham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01937.x","article-title":"The testosterone metabolite 3\u03b1-diol enhances female rat sexual motivation when infused in the nucleus accumbens shell.","volume":"7","author":"S\u00e1nchez Montoya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(96)00004-6","article-title":"Behavioral effects of 3\u03b1-androstanediol. I: modulation of sexual receptivity and promotion of GABA-stimulated chloride flux.","volume":"79","author":"Frye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1997.1422","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroid effects on sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats.","volume":"32","author":"Blasberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(83)90046-6","article-title":"Inhibition of estrogen-activated sexual behavior by androgens.","volume":"17","author":"Dohanich","year":"1983","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612523688100_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod33.3.551","article-title":"Effect of 5\u03b1-dihydrotestosterone on sexual receptivity and neural progestin receptors in ovariectomized rats given pulsed estradiol.","volume":"33","author":"Erskine","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/153\/12\/5928\/10386297\/endo5928.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/153\/12\/5928\/10386297\/endo5928.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T22:13:29Z","timestamp":1594937609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/153\/12\/5928\/2424453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2012-1578","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]}}}