{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:19:45Z","timestamp":1791159585618,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previously we obtained compelling evidence that the fetus provides a critical signal for the initiation of term labor through developmental induction of surfactant protein (SP)-A expression by the fetal lung and secretion into amniotic fluid (AF). We proposed that interactions of AF macrophage (M\u03c6) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) with SP-A, at term, or bacterial components, at preterm, result in their activation and migration to the pregnant uterus. Herein the timing of labor in wild-type (WT) C57BL\/6 mice was compared with mice homozygous null for TLR2, SP-A, SP-D, or doubly deficient in SP-A and SP-D. Interestingly, TLR2\u2212\/\u2212 females manifested a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001) delay in timing of labor compared with WT as well as reduced expression of the myometrial contraction-associated protein (CAP) gene, connexin-43, and M\u03c6 marker, F4\/80, at 18.5 d postcoitum (dpc). Whereas in first pregnancies, SP-A\u2212\/\u2212, SP-D\u2212\/\u2212, and SP-A\/D\u2212\/\u2212 females delivered at term (\u223c19.5 dpc), in second pregnancies, parturition was delayed by approximately 12 h in SP-A\u2212\/\u2212 (P = 0.07) and in SP-A\/D\u2212\/\u2212 (P &amp;lt;0.001) females. Myometrium of SP-A\/D\u2212\/\u2212 females expressed significantly lower levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and CAP genes, connexin-43, and oxytocin receptor at 18.5 dpc compared with WT. F4\/80+ AF M\u03c6s from TLR2\u2212\/\u2212 and SP-A\/D\u2212\/\u2212 mice expressed significantly lower levels of both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory activation markers (e.g. IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, ARG1, YM1) compared with gestation-matched WT AF M\u03c6s. These novel findings suggest that the pulmonary collectins acting via TLR2 serve a modulatory role in the timing of labor; their relative impact may be dependent on parity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T05:29:21Z","timestamp":1353994161000},"page":"483-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Mice Deficient in Surfactant Protein A (SP-A) and SP-D or in TLR2 Manifest Delayed Parturition and Decreased Expression of Inflammatory and Contractile Genes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Alina P.","family":"Montalbano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry (A.P.M., C.R.M.), North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 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