{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:07:53Z","timestamp":1791461273098,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aggression enables individuals to obtain and retain limited resources. Studies of the neuroendocrine regulation of aggression have focused on territorial and reproductive contexts. By contrast, little is understood concerning the neuroendocrine regulation of aggression over other resources, such as food. Here, we developed a paradigm to examine the role of steroids in food-related aggression. In groups of male zebra finches, a 6-hour fast decreased body mass and increased aggressive interactions among subjects that competed for a point source feeder. Fasting also dramatically altered circulating steroid levels by decreasing plasma testosterone but not estradiol (E2). By contrast, both plasma corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations were elevated with fasting. Interestingly, short-term access to food (15 minutes) after fasting normalized circulating steroid levels. Fasting increased corticosterone levels in a wide range of peripheral tissues but increased DHEA levels specifically in adrenal glands and liver; these effects were quickly normalized with refeeding. DHEA can be metabolized within specific brain regions to testosterone and E2, which promote the expression of aggression. We measured E2 in microdissected brain regions and found that fasting specifically increased local E2 levels in 3 regions: the periaqueductal gray, ventral tegmental area, and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. These regions are part of the vertebrate social behavior network and regulate the expression of aggression. Together, these data suggest that fasting stimulates secretion of DHEA from the adrenals and liver and subsequent conversion of DHEA to E2 within specific brain regions, to enable individuals to compete for limited food resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,13]],"date-time":"2013-08-13T04:40:01Z","timestamp":1376368801000},"page":"4328-4339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Fasting Increases Aggression and Differentially Modulates Local And Systemic Steroid Levels in Male Zebra Finches"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"H. Bobby","family":"Fokidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology (H.B.F., K.K.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T-1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora H.","family":"Prior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology (N.H.P., K.K.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T-1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran K.","family":"Soma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology (H.B.F., K.K.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T-1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Zoology (N.H.P., K.K.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T-1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Graduate Program in Neuroscience (K.K.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T-1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Brain Research Centre (K.K.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T-1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071612372655000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.07.004","article-title":"Aggressive encounters differentially affect serum dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone concentrations in male Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)","volume":"56","author":"Scotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1997.0555","article-title":"Testosterone and mate choice in the dark-eyed junco","volume":"54","author":"Enstrom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.027","article-title":"The neural correlates of mate competition in dominant male rhesus Macaques","volume":"56","author":"Rilling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10260","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone upregulates neural androgen receptor level and transcriptional activity","volume":"57","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2005.01339.x","article-title":"Testosterone regulates androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the copulatory, but not courtship, neuromuscular system in adult male green anoles","volume":"17","author":"Holmes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.111.2.381","article-title":"Aromatase inhibition blocks the activation and sexual differentiation of appetitive male sexual behavior in Japanese quail","volume":"111","author":"Balthazart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10141","article-title":"Aromatase inhibition affects testosterone-induced masculinization of song and the neural song system in female canaries","volume":"54","author":"Fusani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1996.tb01164.x","article-title":"Hormonal correlates of dominance and starvation-induced aggression in chicks of the blue-footed booby","volume":"102","author":"delaMora","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"2020071612372655000_B9","first-page":"97","article-title":"Social dominance and bodily conditions in small groups of male and female laboratory rats of known familiarity","volume":"60","author":"Militzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. 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