{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:09:46Z","timestamp":1790762986434,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial compound with pervasive distribution in the environments of industrialized countries. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recently found that greater than 90% of Americans carry detectable levels of BPA, raising concern over the direct influences of this compound on human physiology. Epidemiologic evidence links elevated BPA serum concentrations to human reproductive dysfunction, although controlled studies on the acute effect of BPA exposure on reproductive function are limited, particularly in primates. We evaluated the effect of direct BPA exposure on female primate hypothalamic peptide release. Specifically, using a microdialysis method, we examined the effects of BPA (0.1, 1, and 10nM) directly infused to the stalk-median eminence on the release of GnRH and kisspeptin (KP) in mid to late pubertal ovarian intact female rhesus monkeys. We found that the highest level of BPA exposure (10nM) suppressed both GnRH and KP release, whereas BPA at lower concentrations (0.1 and 1nM) had no apparent effects. In addition, we measured BPA in plasma and hypothalamic dialysates after an iv bolus injection of BPA (100 \u03bcg\/kg). We found a relatively stable distribution of BPA between the blood and brain (plasma:brain \u2245 5:1) persists across a wide range of blood BPA concentrations (1\u2013620 ng\/mL). Findings of this study suggest that persistent, high-level exposures to BPA could impair female reproductive function by directly influencing hypothalamic neuroendocrine function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]],"date-time":"2015-04-08T16:52:51Z","timestamp":1428511971000},"page":"2563-2570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Acute Influences of Bisphenol A Exposure on Hypothalamic Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Kisspeptin in Female Rhesus Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Kurian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine (J.R.K.), Springfield, Illinois 62794"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Keen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.R.K., K.L.K., B.P.K., J.P.G., E.T.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P.","family":"Kenealy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.R.K., K.L.K., B.P.K., J.P.G., E.T.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.R.K., K.L.K., B.P.K., J.P.G., E.T.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis J.","family":"Hedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygeine (C.J.H.), Madison, Wisconsin 53718"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ei","family":"Terasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (J.R.K., K.L.K., B.P.K., J.P.G., E.T.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (E.T.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071613252421000_B1","unstructured":"Burridge\n              E\n            \n          . Chemical profile: Bisphenol A. ICIS Chemical Business. 2008;274:48. http:\/\/www.icis.com\/Articles\/2008\/01\/14\/9092025\/chemical-profile-bisphenol-a.html."},{"key":"2020071613252421000_B2","unstructured":"Global Industry Analysts, Inc. 2010Bisphenol A: A global strategic business report. http:\/\/www.strategyr.com\/Bisphenol_A_Market_Report.asp."},{"key":"2020071613252421000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10753","article-title":"Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003\u20132004","volume":"116","author":"Calafat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2020071613252421000_B4","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Exposure (2008) NTP brief on Bisphenol A [CAS No. 80\u201305-07]. http:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/ohat\/bisphenol\/bisphenol.pdf."},{"key":"2020071613252421000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165169","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.51.165","article-title":"Positive relationship between androgen and the endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A, in normal women and women with ovarian dysfunction","volume":"51","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2020071613252421000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh888","article-title":"Exposure to bisphenol A is associated with recurrent miscarriage","volume":"20","author":"Sugiura-Ogasawara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020071613252421000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1021\/es9028292","article-title":"Urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to serum thyroid and reproductive hormone levels in men from an infertility 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