{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:46:29Z","timestamp":1791315989695,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Kisspeptin is the most potent stimulator of LH release. There are two kisspeptin neuronal populations in the rodent brain: in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and in the arcuate nucleus. The arcuate neurons coexpress kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin and are called KNDy neurons. Because estradiol increases kisspeptin expression in the AVPV whereas it inhibits KNDy neurons, AVPV and KNDy neurons have been postulated to mediate the positive and negative feedback effects of estradiol on LH secretion, respectively. Yet the role of KNDy neurons during the positive feedback is not clear. In this study, ovariectomized rats were microinjected bilaterally into the arcuate nucleus with a saporin-conjugated neurokinin B receptor agonist for targeted ablation of approximately 70% of KNDy neurons. In oil-treated animals, ablation of KNDy neurons impaired the rise in LH after ovariectomy and kisspeptin content in both populations. In estradiol-treated animals, KNDy ablation did not influence the negative feedback of steroids during the morning. Surprisingly, KNDy ablation increased the steroid-induced LH surges, accompanied by an increase of kisspeptin content in the AVPV. This increase seems to be due to lack of dynorphin input from KNDy neurons to the AVPV as the following: 1) microinjections of a dynorphin antagonist into the AVPV significantly increased the LH surge in estradiol-treated rats, similar to KNDy ablation, and 2) intra-AVPV microinjections of dynorphin in KNDy-ablated rats restored LH surge levels. Our results suggest that KNDy neurons provide inhibition to AVPV kisspeptin neurons through dynorphin and thus regulate the amplitude of the steroid-induced LH surges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]],"date-time":"2015-08-24T13:00:42Z","timestamp":1440421242000},"page":"4200-4213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["KNDy Neurons Modulate the Magnitude of the Steroid-Induced Luteinizing Hormone Surges in Ovariectomized Rats"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Cleyde V.","family":"Helena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neuroscience and Department of Mathematics (C.V.H., R.B.), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Toporikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology (N.T., V.V.P.), Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Kalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology (B.K.), Medical School, and Department of Morphology, Stomatology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Stathopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neuroscience and Department of Biology (A.M.S.), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika V.","family":"Pogrebna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology (N.T., V.V.P.), Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruither O.","family":"Carolino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology (R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janete A.","family":"Anselmo-Franci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology (R.O.C., J.A.A.-F.), School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bertram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neuroscience and Department of Mathematics (C.V.H., R.B.), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2020071611561362000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0431","article-title":"A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mouse","volume":"145","author":"Gottsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071611561362000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.05.185","article-title":"Peripheral administration of metastin induces marked gonadotropin release and ovulation in the rat","volume":"320","author":"Matsui","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000227806","article-title":"Seasonal and cyclical change in the luteinizing hormone response to kisspeptin in the ewe","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071611561362000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409822102","article-title":"Increased hypothalamic GPR54 signaling: a potential mechanism for initiation of puberty in primates","volume":"102","author":"Shahab","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-007-9029-1","article-title":"The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human","volume":"8","author":"Dhillo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"49","key":"2020071611561362000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11349","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3328-05.2005","article-title":"Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons by kisspeptin as a neuroendocrine switch for the onset of puberty","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071611561362000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3492","article-title":"Dependence of fertility on kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling at the GnRH neuron","volume":"4","author":"Kirilov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"25","key":"2020071611561362000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1618-06.2006","article-title":"Kiss1 neurons in the forebrain as central processors for generating the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"19","key":"2020071611561362000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834399100","article-title":"Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to loss of function of the KiSS1-derived peptide receptor GPR54","volume":"100","author":"De Roux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"17","key":"2020071611561362000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035322","article-title":"The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty","volume":"349","author":"Seminara","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071611561362000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2009.01892.x","article-title":"Distribution of kisspeptin neurones in the adult female mouse brain","volume":"21","author":"Clarkson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071611561362000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0022","article-title":"Minireview: kisspeptin\/neurokinin B\/dynorphin (KNDy) cells of the arcuate nucleus: a central node in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion","volume":"151","author":"Lehman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071611561362000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.071944","article-title":"Neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus-controlling GnRH release: the neuroanatomical projections of kisspeptin neurons","volume":"98","author":"Yeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071611561362000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02199.x","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence of kisspeptin-gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) interaction in the median eminence of female rats: implication of axo-axonal regulation of GnRH release","volume":"23","author":"Uenoyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02262.x","article-title":"Co-localisation of kisspeptin with galanin or neurokinin B in afferents to mouse GnRH neurones","volume":"24","author":"Kall\u00f3","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"38","key":"2020071611561362000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11859","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1569-09.2009","article-title":"Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion by kisspeptin\/dynorphin\/neurokinin B neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse","volume":"29","author":"Navarro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2012-136","article-title":"Electrophysiological and morphological evidence for synchronized GnRH pulse generator activity among kisspeptin\/neurokinin B\/dynorphin A (KNDy) neurons in goats","volume":"59","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1641","article-title":"The inhibitory effects of neurokinin B on GnRH pulse generator frequency in the female rat","volume":"153","author":"Kinsey-Jones","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071611561362000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0488","article-title":"Regulation of Kiss1 gene expression in the brain of the female mouse","volume":"146","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.306","article-title":"TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction","volume":"41","author":"Topaloglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071611561362000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1045","article-title":"Arcuate kisspeptin\/neurokinin B\/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons mediate the estrogen suppression of gonadotropin secretion and body weight","volume":"153","author":"Mittelman-Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071611561362000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0428-z","article-title":"Effect of different doses of estrogen on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in two 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"36","author":"Cordellini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(78)90049-9","article-title":"Effects of the rate and volume of injection on the pharmacological response elicited by intranigral microapplication of drugs in the rat","volume":"1","author":"James","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.3.391","article-title":"A rapid and simple procedure for chronic cannulation of the rat jugular vein","volume":"36","author":"Harms","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071611561362000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(02)00185-X","article-title":"Jugular vein catheterization for repeated blood sampling in the unrestrained conscious rat","volume":"10","author":"Thrivikraman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Protoc"},{"key":"2020071611561362000_B26","article-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2007","edition":"6th ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1889","article-title":"Prolactin regulates kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus to suppress LH secretion in female rats","volume":"155","author":"Araujo-Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071611561362000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90290-4","article-title":"Isolated removal of hypothalamic or other brain nuclei of the rat","volume":"59","author":"Palkovits","year":"1973","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071611561362000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2009.01907.x","article-title":"Noradrenaline involvement in the negative-feedback effects of ovarian steroids on luteinising hormone secretion","volume":"21","author":"Helena","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071611561362000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071611561362000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97611","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097611","article-title":"Quantification of rat kisspeptin using a novel radioimmunoassay","volume":"9","author":"Kinsey-Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071611561362000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0247","article-title":"Circadian regulation of Kiss1 neurons: implications for timing the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone\/luteinizing hormone surge","volume":"150","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071611561362000_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.04.013","article-title":"Comparative analysis of kisspeptin-immunoreactivity reveals genuine differences in the hypothalamic Kiss1 systems between rats and mice","volume":"45","author":"Overgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020071611561362000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03471-6","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion is under locus coeruleus control in female rats","volume":"955","author":"Helena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071611561362000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5848-09.2010","article-title":"Neurokinin B and dynorphin A in kisspeptin neurons of the arcuate nucleus participate in generation of periodic oscillation of neural activity driving pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in the goat","volume":"30","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071611561362000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8334","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008334","article-title":"Kisspeptin signalling in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus regulates GnRH pulse generator frequency in the rat","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1544","article-title":"The physiological role of arcuate kisspeptin neurons in the control of reproductive function in female rats","volume":"155","author":"Beale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071611561362000_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3945","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1200","article-title":"Disparate changes in kisspeptin and neurokinin B expression in the arcuate nucleus after sex steroid manipulation reveal differential regulation of the two KNDy peptides in rats","volume":"155","author":"Overgaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071611561362000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5406","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1357","article-title":"KNDy (kisspeptin\/neurokinin B\/dynorphin) neurons are activated during both pulsatile and surge secretion of LH in the ewe","volume":"153","author":"Merkley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2010.02076.x","article-title":"Characterisation of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin\/neurokinin B neuronal projections and regulation during lactation in the rat","volume":"23","author":"True","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071611561362000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.05.006","article-title":"Estrogen positive feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the rodent: the case for the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V)","volume":"57","author":"Herbison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071611561362000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0195","article-title":"Involvement of central metastin in the regulation of preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge and estrous cyclicity in female rats","volume":"146","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071611561362000_B43","article-title":"Ablation of arcuate KNDy neurons amplifies the LH surge in steroid-primed, ovariectomized rats","author":"Krajewski-Hall"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071611561362000_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1131","article-title":"Conditional viral tract-tracing delineates the projections of the distinct kisspeptin neuron populations to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the mouse","volume":"156","author":"Hoong Yip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071611561362000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ11-0193","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of kisspeptin neurons in the rat forebrain with special reference to sexual dimorphism and interaction with GnRH neurons","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071611561362000_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.12.053","article-title":"Forebrain projections of arcuate neurokinin B neurons demonstrated by anterograde tract-tracing and monosodium glutamate lesions in the rat","volume":"166","author":"Krajewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20626","article-title":"Morphologic evidence that neurokinin B modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion via neurokinin 3 receptors in the rat median eminence","volume":"489","author":"Krajewski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1166","article-title":"Basomedial hypothalamic injections of neuropeptide Y conjugated to saporin selectively disrupt hypothalamic controls of food intake","volume":"146","author":"Bugarith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071611561362000_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0164","article-title":"Projections of arcuate nucleus and rostral periventricular kisspeptin neurons in the adult female mouse brain","volume":"152","author":"Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4531","key":"2020071611561362000_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6120570","article-title":"Dynorphin is a specific endogenous ligand of the \u03ba opioid receptor","volume":"215","author":"Chavkin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902760309","article-title":"Distribution of opioid peptides in the preoptic region: immunohistochemical evidence for a steroid-sensitive enkephalin sexual dimorphism","volume":"276","author":"Simerly","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071611561362000_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(88)90093-8","article-title":"Anatomy of CNS opioid receptors","volume":"11","author":"Mansour","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"2020071611561362000_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199709290-00032","article-title":"Presence of \u03bc and \u03ba opioid receptor mRNAs in galanin but not in GnRH neurons in the female rat","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020071611561362000_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00622-7","article-title":"The effect of blockade of \u03ba-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic area on the luteinizing hormone surge in the proestrous rat","volume":"768","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02965-2","article-title":"Presence of \u03ba-opioid tone at the onset of the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the proestrous rat","volume":"980","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2012-193","article-title":"dynorphin-\u03ba opioid receptor signaling partly mediates estrogen negative feedback effect on LH pulses in female rats","volume":"59","author":"Mostari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071611561362000_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4894","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1574","article-title":"Suppression of the GnRH pulse generator by neurokinin B involves a \u03ba-opioid receptor-dependent mechanism","volume":"153","author":"Grachev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071611561362000_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-09-03035.1996","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of CREB phosphorylation in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus","volume":"16","author":"Gu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071611561362000_B59","first-page":"2327","article-title":"Neuroendocrine control of the ovarian cycle of the rat","volume-title":"Physiology of Reproduction","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","edition":"3rd ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1282","article-title":"Minireview: kisspeptin neurons as central processors in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion","volume":"147","author":"Dungan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071611561362000_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2009.01926.x","article-title":"Kisspeptin\/Gpr54-independent gonadotrophin-releasing hormone activity in Kiss1 and Gpr54 mutant mice","volume":"21","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2020071611561362000_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1159\/000368608","article-title":"Kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling at the GnRH neuron is necessary for negative feedback regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion in female mice","volume":"100","author":"Yeo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071611561362000_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1128","article-title":"Estrogen-negative feedback and estrous cyclicity are critically dependent upon estrogen receptor-\u03b1 expression in the arcuate nucleus of adult female mice","volume":"155","author":"Yeo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1851","article-title":"Positive, but not negative feedback actions of estradiol in female mice require estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ER\u03b1) in kisspeptin neurons","volume":"156","author":"Dubois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071611561362000_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.18146","article-title":"Involvement of anteroventral periventricular metastin\/kisspeptin neurons in estrogen positive feedback action on luteinizing hormone release in female rats","volume":"53","author":"Adachi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071611561362000_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5384","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1616","article-title":"Spontaneous kisspeptin neuron firing in the adult mouse reveals marked sex and brain region differences but no support for a direct role in negative feedback","volume":"153","author":"De Croft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071611561362000_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1268","article-title":"Regulation of arcuate neurons coexpressing kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin by modulators of neurokinin 3 and \u03ba-opioid receptors in adult male mice","volume":"154","author":"Ruka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071611561362000_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1065","article-title":"Electrophysiology of arcuate neurokinin B neurons in female Tac2-EGFP transgenic mice","volume":"155","author":"Cholanian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"52","key":"2020071611561362000_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22693","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012406108","article-title":"Timing and completion of puberty in female mice depend on estrogen receptor \u03b1-signaling in kisspeptin neurons","volume":"107","author":"Mayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1671","article-title":"Specialized subpopulations of kisspeptin neurons communicate with GnRH neurons in female mice","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.10.114","article-title":"The estrogen receptor \u03b1 colocalizes with proopiomelanocortin in hypothalamic neurons and binds to a conserved motif present in the neuron-specific enhancer nPE2","volume":"660","author":"De Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071611561362000_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511003103","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a gonadotropin-inhibitory system in the brains of mammals","volume":"103","author":"Kriegsfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020071611561362000_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91035-9","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evidence for synaptic connections between pro-opiomelanocortin-immunoreactive axons and LH-RH neurons in the preoptic area of the rat","volume":"449","author":"Leranth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071611561362000_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0316","article-title":"Alterations in RFamide-related peptide expression are coordinated with the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge","volume":"149","author":"Gibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071611561362000_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.08.009","article-title":"Distinct hypothalamic neurons mediate estrogenic effects on energy homeostasis and reproduction","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"17","key":"2020071611561362000_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6047","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3003-13.2014","article-title":"Leptin-responsive GABAergic neurons regulate fertility through pathways that result in reduced kisspeptinergic tone","volume":"34","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0197","article-title":"Hypophysiotropic role of RFamide-related peptide-3 in the inhibition of LH secretion in female rats","volume":"199","author":"Murakami","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071611561362000_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1139","article-title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron requirements for puberty, ovulation, and fertility","volume":"149","author":"Herbison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071611561362000_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00349-2","article-title":"Neurokinin-3 receptor distribution in rat and human brain: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"89","author":"Mileusnic","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2009.01930.x","article-title":"Neurokinin 3 receptor immunoreactivity in the septal region, preoptic area and hypothalamus of the female sheep: colocalisation in neurokinin B cells of the arcuate nucleus but not in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones","volume":"22","author":"Amstalden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071611561362000_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E80","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00380.2009","article-title":"Interactions between neurotensin and GnRH neurons in the positive feedback control of GnRH\/LH secretion in the mouse","volume":"298","author":"Dungan Lemko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071611561362000_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12180","article-title":"Neurokinin-3 receptor activation in the retrochiasmatic area is essential for the full pre-ovulatory luteinising hormone surge in ewes","volume":"26","author":"Porter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071611561362000_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1159\/000329045","article-title":"Evidence from the agonadal juvenile male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) for the view that the action of neurokinin B to trigger gonadotropin-releasing hormone release is upstream from the kisspeptin receptor","volume":"94","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/156\/11\/4200\/8990140\/endo4200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/156\/11\/4200\/8990140\/endo4200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T17:29:22Z","timestamp":1653067762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/156\/11\/4200\/2423007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2015-1070","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,24]]}}}