{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T23:30:10Z","timestamp":1777332610669,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Prenatally testosterone (T)-treated sheep present metabolic disruptions similar to those seen in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. These females exhibit an increased ratio of small to large adipocytes, which may be the earliest event in the development of adult insulin resistance. Additionally, our longitudinal studies suggest the existence of a period of compensatory adaptation during development. This study tested whether 1) in utero cotreatment of prenatally T-treated sheep with androgen antagonist (flutamide) or insulin sensitizer (rosiglitazone) prevents juvenile insulin resistance and adult changes in adipocyte size; and 2) visceral adiposity and insulin sensitivity are both unaltered during early adulthood, confirming the predicted developmental trajectory in this animal model. Insulin sensitivity was tested during juvenile development and adipose tissue distribution, adipocyte size, and concentrations of adipokines were determined during early adulthood. Prenatal T-treated females manifested juvenile insulin resistance, which was prevented by prenatal rosiglitazone cotreatment. Neither visceral adiposity nor insulin sensitivity differed between groups during early adulthood. Prenatal T-treated sheep presented an increase in the relative proportion of small adipocytes, which was not substantially prevented by either prenatal intervention. A large effect size was observed for increased leptin concentrations in prenatal T-treated sheep compared with controls, which was prevented by prenatal rosiglitazone. In conclusion, gestational alterations in insulin-glucose homeostasis likely play a role in programming insulin resistance, but not adipocyte size distribution, in prenatal T-treated sheep. Furthermore, these results support the notion that a period of compensatory adaptation of the metabolic system to prenatal T exposure occurs between puberty and adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T21:28:15Z","timestamp":1449696495000},"page":"522-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Developmental Programming: Impact of Gestational Steroid and Metabolic Milieus on Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity in Prenatal Testosterone-Treated Female Sheep"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Rodolfo C.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (R.C.C., A.V.-L., J.M., E.B., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almudena","family":"Veiga-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (R.C.C., A.V.-L., J.M., E.B., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Moeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (R.C.C., A.V.-L., J.M., E.B., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Beckett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (R.C.C., A.V.-L., J.M., E.B., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Pease","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (A.P.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.K., V.M., G.C., D.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Madrigal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.K., V.M., G.C., D.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Chazenbalk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.K., V.M., G.C., D.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dumesic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.K., V.M., G.C., D.D.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasantha","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (R.C.C., A.V.-L., J.M., E.B., V.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071612025353900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2004.10719428","article-title":"The developmental origins of adult disease","volume":"23","author":"Barker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-142X.2003.03011.x","article-title":"Mammalian development in a changing environment: exposure to endocrine disruptors reveals the developmental plasticity of steroid-hormone target organs","volume":"5","author":"Markey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evol Dev"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000182393","article-title":"Steroid hormones: effect on brain development and function","volume":"37","author":"McEwen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B4","first-page":"38","article-title":"A new look at the mechanisms controlling sex differentiation in mammals","volume":"130","author":"Jost","year":"1972","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Med J"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8670163","article-title":"Sexual differentiation of the brain: a model for drug-induced alterations of the reproductive system","volume":"70","author":"Gorski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.097808","article-title":"Rodent models for human polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"86","author":"Walters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-007-9046-0","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and its developmental origins","volume":"8","author":"Dumesic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.10.005","article-title":"Sheep models of polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype","volume":"373","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1015","article-title":"Developmental programming: impact of prenatal testosterone excess and postnatal weight gain on insulin sensitivity index and transfer of traits to offspring of overweight females","volume":"151","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0666","article-title":"Developmental programming: differential effects of prenatal testosterone excess on insulin target tissues","volume":"151","author":"Nada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B11","first-page":"801","article-title":"Postnatal developmental consequences of altered insulin sensitivity in female sheep treated prenatally with testosterone","volume":"289","author":"Recabarren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endoc"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2145","article-title":"Developmental programming: impact of prenatal testosterone excess on insulin sensitivity, adiposity, and free fatty acid profile in postpubertal female sheep","volume":"154","author":"Veiga-Lopez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.01.035","article-title":"Let's shift lipid burden\u2013from large to small adipocytes","volume":"656","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1496-3","article-title":"Inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue: relationship to adipose cell size","volume":"53","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.7.826","article-title":"Visceral obesity in men. Associations with glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and lipoprotein levels","volume":"41","author":"Pouliot","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.1005","article-title":"The concurrent accumulation of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat explains the association between insulin resistance and plasma leptin concentrations: distinct metabolic effects of two fat compartments","volume":"51","author":"Cnop","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.086686","article-title":"Developmental programming: impact of excess prenatal testosterone on intrauterine fetal endocrine milieu and growth in sheep","volume":"84","author":"Veiga-Lopez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2013.05.001","article-title":"Androgens inhibit adipogenesis during human adipose stem cell commitment to preadipocyte formation","volume":"78","author":"Chazenbalk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1649","article-title":"Testosterone inhibits adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells: nuclear translocation of androgen receptor complex with \u03b2-catenin and T-cell factor 4 may bypass canonical Wnt signaling to down-regulate adipogenic transcription factors","volume":"147","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-2006","article-title":"Developmental programming: exposure to testosterone excess disrupts steroidal and metabolic environment in pregnant sheep","volume":"156","author":"Abi Salloum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2066","article-title":"Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1034802","article-title":"Lipoatrophic diabetes in Irs1\u2212\/\u2212\/Irs3\u2212\/\u2212 double knockout mice","volume":"16","author":"Laustsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16885","article-title":"Severe diabetes, age-dependent loss of adipose tissue, and mild growth deficiency in mice lacking Akt2\/PKB\u03b2","volume":"112","author":"Garofalo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0478","article-title":"Fetal programming: prenatal testosterone excess leads to fetal growth retardation and postnatal catch-up growth in sheep","volume":"145","author":"Manikkam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1235","article-title":"Developmental programming: prenatal and postnatal androgen antagonist and insulin sensitizer interventions prevent advancement of puberty and improve LH surge dynamics in prenatal testosterone-treated sheep","volume":"156","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1428","article-title":"Ovarian cycle-specific regulation of adipose tissue lipid storage by testosterone in female nonhuman primates","volume":"154","author":"Varlamov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5511","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.12.7588302","article-title":"Does estradiol induce the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) surge in the ewe by inducing a progressive change in the mode of operation of the GnRH neurosecretory system","volume":"136","author":"Evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.70113514x","article-title":"Combined effects of diet and cold exposure on insulin responsiveness to glucose and tissue responsiveness to insulin in sheep","volume":"70","author":"Sano","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1650519","article-title":"Plasma leptin determination in ruminants: effect of nutritional status and body fatness on plasma leptin concentration assessed by a specific RIA in sheep","volume":"165","author":"Delavaud","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"Power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2007.00027.x","article-title":"Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists","volume":"82","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051560","article-title":"Enlarged subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size, but not obesity itself, predicts type II diabetes independent of insulin resistance","volume":"43","author":"Weyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105705","article-title":"The role of adipose cell size and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in the carbohydrate intolerance of human obesity","volume":"47","author":"Salans","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.190","article-title":"Depot-specific differences in adipogenic progenitor abundance and proliferative response to high-fat diet","volume":"27","author":"Joe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0708-y","article-title":"Enhanced proportion of small adipose cells in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive obese individuals implicates impaired adipogenesis","volume":"50","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.12.006","article-title":"Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome \u2013 an allostatic perspective","volume":"1801","author":"Virtue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-005-0071-7","article-title":"The evolving role of inflammation in obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.12.011","article-title":"Obesity as a clinical and public health problem: is there a need for a new definition based on lipotoxicity effects?","volume":"1801","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Byophys Acta"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0742-8413(99)00003-1","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone and related steroids alter 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation","volume":"123","author":"Lea-Currie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.6.8854","article-title":"Estrogen promotes early osteoblast differentiation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cell lines that express estrogen receptor (ER) \u03b1 or \u03b2","volume":"143","author":"Okazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422901107","article-title":"Role of estrogens in adipocyte development and function","volume":"229","author":"Cooke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01488.x","article-title":"Oestrogen alters adipocyte biology and protects female mice from adipocyte inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"14","author":"Stubbins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1050","article-title":"Impaired preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes in subcutaneous abdominal adipose of PCOS-like female rhesus monkeys","volume":"155","author":"Keller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-10-0217","article-title":"Prenatal androgen exposure programs metabolic dysfunction in female mice","volume":"207","author":"Roland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0168","article-title":"A new rat model exhibiting both ovarian and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"148","author":"Manner\u00e5s","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.74102385x","article-title":"Evaluation of alternative methods to prepare porcine adipocytes for measurement with an electronic particle number and size determination apparatus","volume":"74","author":"Fakler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.9.2322","article-title":"Point: visceral adiposity is causally related to insulin resistance","volume":"28","author":"Lebovitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B48","first-page":"744","article-title":"Relationship between abdominal fat compartments and glucose and lipid metabolism in early postmenopausal women","volume":"86","author":"Rendell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.46.10.1579","article-title":"Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat","volume":"46","author":"Goodpaster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.007","article-title":"Circulating levels of adipose products and differences in fat distribution in the ovulatory and anovulatory phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Carmina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp008","article-title":"Metabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der229","article-title":"In women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, loss of intra-abdominal fat is associated with resumption of ovulation","volume":"26","author":"Kuchenbecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90208.2008","article-title":"Transient prenatal androgen exposure produces metabolic syndrome in adult female rats","volume":"295","author":"Demissie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B54","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Timing of prenatal androgen excess determines differential impairment in insulin secretion and action in adult female rhesus monkeys","volume":"85","author":"Eisner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.25","article-title":"Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition","volume":"32","author":"Lovejoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2014.11.029","article-title":"The sexual dimorphism of obesity","volume":"402","author":"Palmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0124","article-title":"Developmental programming: insulin sensitizer treatment improves reproductive function in prenatal testosterone-treated female sheep","volume":"151","author":"Veiga-Lopez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803638","article-title":"Prenatal androgen excess negatively impacts body fat distribution in a nonhuman primate model of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Bruns","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B59","article-title":"Developmental programming: prenatal testosterone excess decreases insulin sensitivity in muscle and liver but not fat via AKT signaling pathway in female sheep","author":"Lu"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.101477","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity in female mice leads to offspring hyperphagia, adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance","volume":"51","author":"Samuelsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R368","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00206.2004","article-title":"Maternal protein restriction leads to hyperinsulinemia and reduced insulin-signaling protein expression in 21-mo-old female rat offspring","volume":"288","author":"Fernandez-Twinn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.9.1822","article-title":"Increased glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in transgenic skinny mice overexpressing leptin","volume":"48","author":"Ogawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/43448","article-title":"Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy","volume":"401","author":"Shimomura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/90984","article-title":"The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity","volume":"7","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1382","article-title":"Sexual differentiation of the external genitalia and the timing of puberty in the presence of an antiandrogen in sheep","volume":"149","author":"Jackson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B66","first-page":"E1","article-title":"The effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, on the ovary and endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"196:402","author":"Legro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1305-8","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial comparing the clinical and endocrinological outcome with rosiglitazone versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling in patients with polycystic ovarian disease resistant to ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate","volume":"281","author":"Roy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2117","article-title":"Global adiposity rather than abnormal regional fat distribution characterizes women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Barber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B69","first-page":"2854","article-title":"Insulin, somatotropic, and luteinizing hormone axes in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: common and distinct features","volume":"81","author":"Morales","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612025353900_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031378","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Vrb\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/157\/2\/522\/8993087\/endo0522.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/157\/2\/522\/8993087\/endo0522.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T18:44:34Z","timestamp":1594925074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/157\/2\/522\/2422592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2015-1565","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]}}}