{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:48:11Z","timestamp":1774464491560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increasing prevalence of obesity adds another dimension to the pathophysiology of testosterone (TEST) deficiency (TD) and potentially impairs the therapeutic efficacy of classical TEST replacement therapy. We investigated the therapeutic effects of selective androgen receptor modulation with trenbolone (TREN) in a model of TD with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Male Wistar rats (n=50) were fed either a control standard rat chow (CTRL) or a high-fat\/high-sucrose (HF\/HS) diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, rats underwent sham surgery or an orchiectomy (ORX). Alzet miniosmotic pumps containing either vehicle, 2-mg\/kg\u00b7d TEST or 2-mg\/kg\u00b7d TREN were implanted in HF\/HS+ORX rats. Body composition, fat distribution, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity were assessed. Infarct size was quantified to assess myocardial damage after in vivo ischaemia reperfusion, before cardiac and prostate histology was performed. The HF\/HS+ORX animals had increased sc and visceral adiposity; circulating triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin; and myocardial damage, with low circulating TEST compared with CTRLs. Both TEST and TREN protected HF\/HS+ORX animals against sc fat accumulation, hypercholesterolaemia, and myocardial damage. However, only TREN protected against visceral fat accumulation, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia and reduced myocardial damage relative to CTRLs. TEST caused widespread cardiac fibrosis and prostate hyperplasia, which were less pronounced with TREN. We propose that TEST replacement therapy may have contraindications for males with TD and obesity-related MetS. TREN treatment may be more effective in restoring androgen status and reducing cardiovascular risk in males with TD and MetS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,19]],"date-time":"2015-11-19T18:01:01Z","timestamp":1447956061000},"page":"368-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Trenbolone Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Myocardial Tolerance to Ischemia-Reperfusion in Male Rats With Testosterone-Deficient Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Donner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Foundation Research Centre (D.G.D., G.E.E., A.C.B., J.P.H., E.F.D.T.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace E.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Foundation Research Centre (D.G.D., G.E.E., A.C.B., J.P.H., E.F.D.T.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda R.","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Science (B.R.B.), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Bulmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Foundation Research Centre (D.G.D., G.E.E., A.C.B., J.P.H., E.F.D.T.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred K.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Molecular Pathology (A.K.L.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Headrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Foundation Research Centre (D.G.D., G.E.E., A.C.B., J.P.H., E.F.D.T.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene F.","family":"Du Toit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Foundation Research Centre (D.G.D., G.E.E., A.C.B., J.P.H., E.F.D.T.), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2020071612012997400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60814-3","article-title":"Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK","volume":"378","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62037-5","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants","volume":"377","author":"Finucane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2014.1210","article-title":"The critical need to promote research of aging and aging-related diseases to improve health and longevity of the elderly population","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789653","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/789653","article-title":"Androgens and adipose tissue in males: a complex and reciprocal interplay","volume":"2012","author":"Mammi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B5","article-title":"Androgen physiology, pharmacology and abuse","volume-title":"Endotext","author":"Handelsman","year":"2000"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/13685538.2010.487553","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of testosterone deficiency in a population-based cohort of men: results from the study of health in Pomerania","volume":"13","author":"Haring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0970","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and smoking in relation to hypogonadism in middle-aged men: a prospective cohort study","volume":"90","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B8","first-page":"110","article-title":"Testosterone, body composition and aging","volume":"22","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report","volume":"106","author":"National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"365","author":"Eckel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00529.x","article-title":"NCEP-ATPIII-defined metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and prevalence of hypogonadism in male patients with sexual dysfunction","volume":"4","author":"Corona","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.02.031","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Galassi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2012.12.004","article-title":"Testosterone metabolites mediate its effects on myocardial damage induced by ischemia\/reperfusion in male Wistar rats","volume":"78","author":"Rubio-Gayosso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90297-P","article-title":"Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels","volume":"39","author":"Seidell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B15","volume-title":"Myocardial Insulin Resistance: An Overview of Its Causes, Effects, and Potential Therapy","author":"Du Toit","year":"2012"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.4.1000","article-title":"Androgen receptor null male mice develop late-onset obesity caused by decreased energy expenditure and lipolytic activity but show normal insulin sensitivity with high adiponectin secretion","volume":"54","author":"Fan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02774-2","article-title":"Late onset of obesity in male androgen receptor-deficient (AR KO) mice","volume":"300","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-002-0980-9","article-title":"The CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene modulates body fat mass and serum concentrations of leptin and insulin in men","volume":"46","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1136","article-title":"Deletion of the androgen receptor in adipose tissue in male mice elevates retinol binding protein 4 and reveals independent effects on visceral fat mass and on glucose homeostasis","volume":"61","author":"McInnes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2008.19","article-title":"Testosterone treatment in elderly men with subnormal testosterone levels improves body composition and BMD in the hip","volume":"20","author":"Svartberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000181840.54860.8b","article-title":"Effects of muscle strength training and testosterone in frail elderly males","volume":"37","author":"Sullivan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00938.x","article-title":"Androgen treatment and muscle strength in elderly men: a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Ottenbacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-014-0056-6","article-title":"Influence of testosterone replacement therapy on metabolic disorders in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and androgen deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Janjgava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10111","article-title":"Global trends in testosterone prescribing, 2000\u20132011: expanding the spectrum of prescription drug misuse","volume":"199","author":"Handelsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530121","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/530121","article-title":"The 5 \u03b1-reductase isozyme family: a review of basic biology and their role in human diseases","volume":"2012","author":"Azzouni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Urol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(05)80259-9","article-title":"Role of 5 \u03b1-reductase in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Randall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41809-1","article-title":"Tissue distribution and kinetic characteristics of rat steroid 5 \u03b1-reductase isozymes. Evidence for distinct physiological functions","volume":"267","author":"Normington","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-1-35","article-title":"Aromatase expression and role of estrogens in male gonad: a review","volume":"1","author":"Carreau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/tam.5.2.98.102","article-title":"Estradiol in elderly men","volume":"5","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000139539.94828.29","article-title":"Dihydrotestosterone and the prostate: the scientific rationale for 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"172","author":"Andriole","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.06896.x","article-title":"Validation of the Pitts unified theory of prostate cancer, late-onset hypogonadism and carcinoma: the role of steroid 5\u03b1-reductase and steroid aromatase","volume":"100","author":"Pitts","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.06.002","article-title":"Recent developments in antiandrogens and selective androgen receptor modulators","volume":"352","author":"Haendler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258109045859","article-title":"Differences in the biotransformation of a 17 \u03b2-hydroxylated steroid, trenbolone acetate, in rat and cow","volume":"11","author":"Pottier","year":"1981","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E650","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00440.2010","article-title":"17\u03b2-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (trenbolone) exhibits tissue selective anabolic activity: effects on muscle, bone, adiposity, hemoglobin, and prostate","volume":"300","author":"Yarrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B35","article-title":"The effects of visceral obesity and androgens on bone: trenbolone protects against loss of femoral bone mineral density and structural strength in viscerally obese and testosterone-deficient male rats [published online ahead of print October 5, 2015]","author":"Donner","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2014.12.017","article-title":"Improvements in body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin sensitivity with trenbolone in normogonadic rats","volume":"94","author":"Donner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-48-4-633","article-title":"Increased estrogen production in obese men","volume":"48","author":"Schneider","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-38-3-476","article-title":"Plasma precursors of estrogen. II. Correlation of the extent of conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone with age","volume":"38","author":"Hemsell","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0624","article-title":"The hypogonadal-obesity cycle: role of aromatase in modulating the testosterone-estradiol shunt\u2013a major factor in the genesis of morbid obesity","volume":"52","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-005-0528-5","article-title":"A potential role for angiotensin II in obesity induced cardiac hypertrophy and ischaemic\/reperfusion injury","volume":"100","author":"du Toit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.010959","article-title":"Obesity improves myocardial ischaemic tolerance and RISK signalling in insulin-insensitive rats","volume":"6","author":"Donner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931999","article-title":"The effects of gender and obesity on myocardial tolerance to ischemia","volume":"60","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.56.109","article-title":"Visceral fat is a strong predictor of insulin resistance regardless of cardiorespiratory fitness in non-diabetic people","volume":"56","author":"Usui","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00110-2","article-title":"Animal models of human cardiovascular disease, heart failure and hypertrophy","volume":"39","author":"Hasenfuss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138019","article-title":"Impact of diet-induced obesity and testosterone deficiency on the cardiovascular system: a novel rodent model representative of males with testosterone-deficient metabolic syndrome (TDMetS)","volume":"10","author":"Donner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2119\/2008-00004.Ray","article-title":"Sex steroids and stem cell function","volume":"14","author":"Ray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2174\/157339912799424573","article-title":"Testosterone as potential effective therapy in treatment of obesity in men with testosterone deficiency: a review","volume":"8","author":"Saad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64985-3","article-title":"Changes in bone mineral density, lean body mass and fat content as measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in patients with prostate cancer without apparent bone metastases given androgen deprivation therapy","volume":"167","author":"Berruti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8299","article-title":"Changes in body composition during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"87","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02166","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"154","author":"Kapoor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1649","article-title":"Testosterone inhibits adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells: nuclear translocation of androgen receptor complex with \u03b2-catenin and T-cell factor 4 may bypass canonical Wnt signaling to down-regulate adipogenic transcription factors","volume":"147","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2009.09.003","article-title":"Androgen deficiency and atherosclerosis: the lipid link","volume":"51","author":"Traish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1550193","article-title":"Neuroendocrine factors in obesity","volume":"155","author":"Bj\u00f6rntorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-1-12","article-title":"Role of a critical visceral adipose tissue threshold (CVATT) in metabolic syndrome: implications for controlling dietary carbohydrates: a review","volume":"1","author":"Freedland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2010.01.019","article-title":"Tissue selectivity and potential clinical applications of trenbolone (17\u03b2-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one): a potent anabolic steroid with reduced androgenic and estrogenic activity","volume":"75","author":"Yarrow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890500383895","article-title":"Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome?","volume":"38","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90033-1","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity and serum triglyceride level in obese white and black women: relationship to visceral and truncal subcutaneous fat","volume":"48","author":"Marcus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.6.953","article-title":"Postprandial triglyceride response in visceral obesity in men","volume":"47","author":"Couillard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0157","article-title":"Relationship of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue with lipoprotein particle number and size in type 2 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Sam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118742","article-title":"Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans","volume":"97","author":"Roden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.4.632","article-title":"Effects of the national cholesterol education program's step I and step II dietary intervention programs on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Yu-Poth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020194","article-title":"Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins","volume":"347","author":"Kraus","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B64","first-page":"361","article-title":"Effect of hypertension on cholesterol atherosclerosis in diabetic rabbits","volume":"10","author":"Fisher","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(89)90346-9","article-title":"Impaired triacylglycerol catabolism in hypertriglyceridemia of the diabetic, cholesterol-fed rabbit: a possible mechanism for protection from atherosclerosis","volume":"1002","author":"Minnich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl222","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration","volume":"35","author":"Woodward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.04.064","article-title":"Removal of intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue improves glucose tolerance in rats: role of hepatic triglyceride storage","volume":"104","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02299.x","article-title":"Androgens, insulin resistance and vascular disease in men","volume":"63","author":"Kapoor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"444","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.160192","article-title":"Overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins is the hallmark of the dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Adiels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.3.755","article-title":"Extreme insulin resistance of the central adipose depot in vivo","volume":"51","author":"Mittelman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3282f2b24a","article-title":"Fructose consumption: potential mechanisms for its effects to increase visceral adiposity and induce dyslipidemia and insulin resistance","volume":"19","author":"Stanhope","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E685","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00283.2010","article-title":"Fructose: a highly lipogenic nutrient implicated in insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"299","author":"Dekker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2007.jun.S13-S23","article-title":"Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms","volume":"65","author":"Rutledge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.50.6.782","article-title":"Testosterone-mediated sexual dimorphism of the rodent heart. Ventricular lysosomes, mitochondria, and cell growth are modulated by androgens","volume":"50","author":"Koenig","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-144-37659","article-title":"Influence of castration and testosterone propionate on cardiac output, renal blood flow, and blood volume in mice","volume":"144","author":"Broulik","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1706","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00088.2011","article-title":"Sex hormone control of left ventricular structure\/function: mechanistic insights using echocardiography, expression, and DNA methylation analyses in adult mice","volume":"301","author":"Sebag","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B78","first-page":"e587","article-title":"Modest opposite associations of endogenous testosterone and oestradiol with left ventricular remodelling and function in healthy middle-aged men","volume":"34","author":"Ruige","year":"2011","journal-title":"I J Androl"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.032","article-title":"Anabolic androgenic steroids abuse and cardiac death in athletes: morphological and toxicological findings in four fatal cases","volume":"217","author":"Montisci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3182749269","article-title":"Androgen abuse and increased cardiac risk","volume":"105","author":"Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102699","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102699","article-title":"The anabolic androgenic steroid nandrolone decanoate disrupts redox homeostasis in liver, heart and kidney of male Wistar rats","volume":"9","author":"Frankenfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122503","article-title":"Chronic testosterone replacement exerts cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in testosterone-deprived rats","volume":"10","author":"Pongkan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1241843","article-title":"Testosterone administration induces protection against global myocardial ischemia","volume":"42","author":"Borst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.150417","article-title":"Cardiac energy metabolism in obesity","volume":"101","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.645184","article-title":"Free fatty acid depletion acutely decreases cardiac work and efficiency in cardiomyopathic heart failure","volume":"114","author":"Tuunanen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C967","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1990.258.6.C967","article-title":"Effects of changes of pH on the contractile function of cardiac muscle","volume":"258","author":"Orchard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(96)00245-3","article-title":"Regulation of myocardial carbohydrate metabolism under normal and ischaemic conditions. Potential for pharmacological interventions","volume":"33","author":"Stanley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01803-4","article-title":"High levels of fatty acids delay the recovery of intracellular pH and cardiac efficiency in post-ischemic hearts by inhibiting glucose oxidation","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2336","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00481.2007","article-title":"Myocardial susceptibility to ischemic-reperfusion injury in a prediabetic model of dietary-induced obesity","volume":"294","author":"du Toit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2003.03858.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance modifies plasma fatty acid distribution and decreases cardiac tolerance to in vivo ischaemia\/reperfusion in rats","volume":"30","author":"Morel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.2.434","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in metabolism, contractile function, and ischemic sensitivity in hearts from db\/db mice","volume":"52","author":"Aasum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(19970501)31:2<118::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Aromatase in hyperplasia and carcinoma of the human prostate","volume":"31","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"2020071612012997400_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.01.016","article-title":"5\u03b1-reductase inhibitors in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer risk reduction","volume":"22","author":"Rittmaster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/157\/1\/368\/11029334\/endo0368.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/157\/1\/368\/11029334\/endo0368.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T16:36:08Z","timestamp":1653582968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/157\/1\/368\/2251856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2015-1603","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]}}}