{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T01:36:46Z","timestamp":1783388206794,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for proper fetal development. A deficit of these hormones during gestation has enduring consequences in the central nervous system of the offspring, including detrimental learning and impaired memory. Few studies have shown that thyroid hormone deficiency has a transient effect in the number of T and B cells in the offspring gestated under hypothyroidism; however, there are no studies showing whether maternal hypothyroidism during gestation impacts the response of the offspring to infections. In this study, we have evaluated whether adult mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers have an altered response to pneumococcal pneumonia. We observed that female mice gestated in hypothyroidism have increased survival rate and less bacterial dissemination to blood and brain after an intranasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further, these mice had higher amounts of inflammatory cells in the lungs and reduced production of cytokines characteristic of sepsis in spleen, blood, and brain at 48 hours after infection. Interestingly, mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers had basally increased vascular permeability in the lungs. These observations suggest that gestational hypothyroidism alters the immune response and the physiology of lungs in the offspring, increasing the resistance to respiratory bacterial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1459530124000},"page":"2217-2228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gestational Hypothyroidism Improves the Ability of the Female Offspring to Clear Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection and to Recover From Pneumococcal Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Pamela A.","family":"Nieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hern\u00e1n F.","family":"Pe\u00f1aloza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Salazar-Echegarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel M.","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello (R.M.C.), Santiago, Chile 8370146;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cecilia","family":"Opazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Venegas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oslando","family":"Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile (O.P.), Santiago, Chile 8330073;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis M.","family":"Kalergis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Molecular y Microbiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile (P.A.N., H.F.P., F.J.S.-E., A.M.K., S.A.M.), Santiago, Chile 8331150;"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093;"},{"name":"Departamento de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile (A.M.K.), Santiago, Chile 8330074"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia A.","family":"Riedel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello (M.C.O., L.V., C.A.R.), Santiago, Chile 8370146;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 1064 (A.M.K., S.M.B.), Nantes, France 44093;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071612144382500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0007","article-title":"Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone 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