{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T12:22:50Z","timestamp":1708431770833},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogens regulate normal sexual and reproductive development in females. Their actions are mediated mainly by estrogen receptor (ER)\u03b1 and ER\u03b2. Understanding the function of ERs necessitates knowing their cellular location and protein partners, which, in turn, requires reliable and specific antibodies. Several antibodies are available for ER\u03b1; however, discrepancies in immunoreactivity have been reported for ER\u03b2. Here, we have developed antisera for mouse ER\u03b2 (mER\u03b2) using a specific C-terminal 18-amino acid peptide conjugated to mariculture keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Sprague Dawley rats were immunized, and the resulting antisera were characterized by Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts from tissues of wild-type (WT) mice, and mice genetically modified to lack either ER\u03b1 (CER\u03b1KO) or ER\u03b2 (CER\u03b2KO). An approximately 56-kDa protein was detected in the hypothalamus, uterus, ovary, mammary gland, testes, and epididymis of WT mice, consistent with the predicted molecular size of ER\u03b2. In addition, the same protein band was identified in in vitro synthesized mER\u03b2 protein and in the mammary glands of CER\u03b1KO mice. The approximately 56-kDa protein was not observed in in vitro synthesized mER\u03b1 protein or in any tissue examined in the CER\u03b2KO mice. Immunohistochemistry using the antisera revealed ER\u03b2 staining in the granulosa cells of WT ovaries and in the mediobasal hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, and cerebral cortex in the WT adult mouse brain. These data suggest that the novel rat anti-mER\u03b2 sera are specific to ER\u03b2 to allow investigators to explore to cellular and physiological role of ER\u03b2 in the brain and other mouse tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T17:00:41Z","timestamp":1461344441000},"page":"2844-2852","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and Characterization of Novel Rat Anti-mER\u03b2 Sera"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Horacio J.","family":"Novaira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (H.J.N., S.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. B.","family":"Graceli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology (J.B.G.), Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria 29040090, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Capellino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gie\u00dfen and Kerckhoff Klinik Bad Nauheim (S.C.), Hessen DE-61231, Germany;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schoeffield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department (A.S.), Loyola University, Baltimore, Maryland 21210;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. E.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology (G.E.H.), Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (A.W.), Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Wondisford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (F.W.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Radovick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (H.J.N., S.R.), Division of Endocrinology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020071612012419100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2012.00052","article-title":"Estrogenic regulation of the GnRH neuron","volume":"3","author":"Radovick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15677","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15677","article-title":"Generation and reporductive phenotypes of mice lacking estrogen receptor \u03b2","volume":"95","author":"Krege","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proct Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.19.4277","article-title":"Effect of single and compound knockouts of estrogen receptors \u03b1 (ER\u03b1) and \u03b2 (ER\u03b2) on mouse reproductive phenotypes","volume":"127","author":"Dupont","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.5.8772","article-title":"Estrogen-binding sites and their functional capacity in estrogen receptor double knockout mouse brain","volume":"143","author":"Shughrue","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712029105","article-title":"Sterility and absence of histopathological defects in nonreproductive organs of a mouse ER\u03b2-null mutant","volume":"105","author":"Antal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1446","article-title":"Insufficient luteinizing hormone-induced intracellular signaling disrupts ovulation in preovulatory follicles lacking estrogen receptor-\u03b2","volume":"151","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.20.3.0370","article-title":"Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us?","volume":"20","author":"Couse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9083","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2494-08.2008","article-title":"Specificity of immunoreactions: the importance of testing specificity in each method","volume":"28","author":"Lorincz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21358","article-title":"Distribution and localization patterns of estrogen receptor-\u03b2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in neurons and glial cells of the female rat substantia nigra: localization of ER\u03b2 and IGF-1R in substantia nigra","volume":"503","author":"Quesada","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6903","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0909-07.2007","article-title":"Estradiol targets synaptic proteins to induce glutamatergic synapse formation in cultured hippocampal neurons: critical role of estrogen receptor-\u03b1","volume":"27","author":"Jelks","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20505","article-title":"Cellular localization of androgen and estrogen receptors in mouse-derived motoneuron hybrid cells and mouse facial motoneurons","volume":"67","author":"Tetzlaff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01787.x","article-title":"Oestrogen receptor \u03b1 and \u03b2 immunoreactive cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mice: distribution, sex differences and regulation by gonadal hormones","volume":"20","author":"Vida","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-221069","article-title":"Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor \u03b2 in the mouse brain: comparison with estrogen receptor \u03b1","volume":"144","author":"Mitra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2001.00708.x","article-title":"Oestrogen receptor \u03b2-immunoreactivity in gonadotropin releasing hormone-expressing neurones: regulation by oestrogen","volume":"13","author":"Kall\u00f3","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212800626139","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b2 in cancer: an attractive target for therapy","volume":"18","author":"Gallo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.5925","article-title":"Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary","volume":"93","author":"Kuiper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.6.6928","article-title":"Expression of estrogen receptor-\u03b2 protein in rodent ovary","volume":"140","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1054","article-title":"Distribution of estrogen receptor \u03b2 immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system","volume":"436","author":"Shughrue","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(03)64025-5","article-title":"Analysis of estrogen receptor expression in tissues","volume":"364","author":"Warner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/75973","article-title":"High-efficiency deleter mice show that FLPe is an alternative to Cre-loxP","volume":"25","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22693","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012406108","article-title":"Timing and completion of puberty in female mice depend on estrogen receptor \u03b1-signaling in kisspeptin neurons","volume":"107","author":"Mayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0044","article-title":"Defects of prostate development and reproductive system in the estrogen receptor-\u03b1 null male mice","volume":"150","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1319","article-title":"Disrupted kisspeptin signaling in GnRH neurons leads to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism","volume":"28","author":"Novaira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6419","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.15.6419","article-title":"Rapid detection of octamer binding proteins with 'mini-extracts', prepared from a small number of cells","volume":"17","author":"Schreiber","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1077","article-title":"Evaluation of seven oestrogen receptor \u03b2 antibodies for immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and flow cytometry in human breast tissue","volume":"197","author":"Skliris","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2010.06.003","article-title":"Estrogen receptor profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"132","author":"Pierdominici","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.02.012","article-title":"Multiple ER\u03b2 antisera label in ER\u03b2 knockout and null mouse tissues","volume":"188","author":"Snyder","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B28","first-page":"353","article-title":"Cloning, chormosomal localization, and functional analysis of the murine estrogen receptor \u03b2","volume":"11","author":"Tremblay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0250229","article-title":"Functional characteristics of a novel murine estrogen receptor-\u03b2 isoform, estrogen receptor-\u03b2 2","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.11.5496","article-title":"Tissue distribution and quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor-\u03b1 (ER\u03b1) and estrogen receptor-\u03b2 (ER\u03b2) messenger ribonucleic acid in the wild-type and ER\u03b1-knockout mouse","volume":"138","author":"Couse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00413-4","article-title":"The novel estrogen receptor-\u03b2 subtype: potential role in the cell- and promoter-specific actions of estrogens and anti-estrogens","volume":"410","author":"Kuiper","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15197","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211556298","article-title":"Estrogen receptors and proliferation markers in primary and recurrent breast cancer","volume":"98","author":"Jensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0115","article-title":"Plasma membrane estrogen receptors exist and functions as dimers","volume":"18","author":"Razandi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2728-06.2006","article-title":"Antibodies as valuable neuroscience research tools versus reagents of mass distraction","volume":"26","author":"Rhodes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2009.01.005","article-title":"Expression and subcellular distribution of native estrogen receptor \u03b2 in murine C2C12 cells and skeletal muscle tissue","volume":"74","author":"Milanesi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.4.1098","article-title":"Differential expression of estrogen receptor-\u03b1 and -\u03b2 and androgen receptor in the ovaries of marmosets and humans","volume":"63","author":"Saunders","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.6.8858","article-title":"Expression of ER-\u03b1 and ER-\u03b2 in the hamster ovary: differential regulation by gonadotropins and ovarian steroid hormones","volume":"143","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052707299","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic expression of estrogen receptor \u03b2 in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the rat preoptic area: implication in luteinizing hormone surge","volume":"99","author":"Orikasa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5172","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.12.8560","article-title":"Coexpression of ER \u03b2 with ER \u03b1 and progestin receptor proteins in the female rat forebrain: effects of estradiol treatment","volume":"142","author":"Gr\u00e9co","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020071612012419100_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971201)388:4<507::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-\u03b1 and -\u03b2 mRNA in the rat central nervous system","volume":"388","author":"Shughrue","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/157\/7\/2844\/8996370\/endo2844.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/157\/7\/2844\/8996370\/endo2844.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T12:29:46Z","timestamp":1655555386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/157\/7\/2844\/2422912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2016-1122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]}}}