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For breast cancer, women with obesity exhibit more than a twofold increase in the odds of being diagnosed with cancer, with a greater risk of advanced stage at diagnosis, and \u226440% greater risk of recurrence and death than their normal-weight counterparts. These findings are similar in gynecologic cancers, where women who are obese with a body mass index (BMI) &gt;40 kg\/m2 have up to six times greater risk of developing endometrial cancer and a 9.2% increase in mortality with every 10% increase in BMI. Likewise, patients with obesity exhibit a twofold higher risk of premenopausal ovarian cancer, and patients who are obese with advanced stage ovarian cancer have shown a shorter time to recurrence and poorer overall survival. Obesity is accompanied by changes in expression of adipose factors that act on local tissues and systemically. Once obesity was recognized as a factor in cancer incidence and progression, the adipose cytokine (adipokine) leptin became the focus of intense investigation as a putative link, with nearly 3000 publications on the topic. Leptin has been shown to increase cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and increase therapeutic resistance. These characteristics are associated with a subset of cells in both liquid and solid tumors known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), or tumor initiating cells. We will review the literature discussing leptin\u2019s role in breast and gynecologic cancer, focusing on its role in CSCs, and consider goals for targeting future therapy in this arena to disrupt tumor initiation and progression in women\u2019s cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T18:08:54Z","timestamp":1530122934000},"page":"3069-3080","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Leptin Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells in Breast and Gynecologic Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"Katie K","family":"Crean-Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women\u2019s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Reizes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"},{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2019081408350956000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v8.i3.178","article-title":"Histone deacetylases, microRNA and leptin crosstalk in pancreatic cancer","volume":"8","author":"Tchio Mantho","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2019081408350956000_B2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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