{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:53:08Z","timestamp":1791197588008,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.7.8925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T16:12:28Z","timestamp":1389197548000},"page":"2787-2796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Cystatin 11: A New Member of the Cystatin Type 2 Family"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Katherine G.","family":"Hamil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics (K.G.H., Q.L., S.Y., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics (K.G.H., Q.L., S.Y., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Q.L., Y.-L.Z.), Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sivashanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology (P.S., G.G., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Yenugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics (K.G.H., Q.L., S.Y., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Soundararajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology (P.S., G.G., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology (P.S., G.G., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Lian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Q.L., Y.-L.Z.), Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"O\u2019Rand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology (P.S., G.G., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Petrusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Developmental Biology (P.S., G.G., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank S.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics (K.G.H., Q.L., S.Y., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan H.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics (K.G.H., Q.L., S.Y., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"},{"name":"the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology (K.G.H., Q.L., P.S., G.G., R.S., R.T.R., M.G.O., P.P., F.S.F., S.H.H.), University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","reference":[{"key":"2019041201095871900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02102453","article-title":"Evolution of proteins of the cystatin superfamily.","volume":"30","author":"Rawlings","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560060102","article-title":"Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily\u2013new members and their evolution.","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R3","first-page":"1653","article-title":"The CRES gene: a unique testis-regulated gene related to the cystatin family is highly restricted in its expression to the proximal region of the mouse epididymis.","volume":"6","author":"Cornwall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.6.6777","article-title":"Cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic protein colocalizes with luteinizing hormone-\u03b2 protein in mouse anterior pituitary gonadotropes.","volume":"140","author":"Sutton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R5","first-page":"777","article-title":"A cystatin-related gene, testatin\/cresp, shows male-specific expression in germ and somatic cells from the initial stage of murine gonadal sex-differentiation.","volume":"43","author":"Kanno","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14208","article-title":"Testatin: A cystatin-related gene expressed during early testis development.","volume":"95","author":"To\u0308ho\u0308nen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00030-5","article-title":"Molecular cloning, chromosome mapping and characterization of a testis-specific cystatin-like cDNA, cystatin T.","volume":"245","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R8","first-page":"141","article-title":"Structural and functional aspects of papain-like cysteine proteinases and their protein inhibitors.","volume":"378","author":"Turk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5115","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.10.5115","article-title":"Structural basis for the biological specificity of cystatin C.","volume":"270","author":"Hall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15174.x","article-title":"The cDNA structure and expression analysis of the genes for the cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C and for \u03b22-microglobulin in rat brain.","volume":"8","author":"Cole","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod49.5.1045","article-title":"Sertoli cell and germ cell cystatin C: stage-dependent expression of two distinct messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts in rat testes.","volume":"49","author":"Tsuruta","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.1020160203","article-title":"Germ cell-Sertoli cell interactions: regulation by germ cells of the stage-specific expression of CP-2\/cathepsin L mRNA by Sertoli cells.","volume":"16","author":"Wright","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Genet"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.696","article-title":"Dynamic changes in gene expression along the rat epididymis.","volume":"65","author":"Jervis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910490305","article-title":"Cysteine endopeptidase activity levels in normal human tissues, colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.","volume":"49","author":"Shuja","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(88)80356-5","article-title":"Cathepsin L\u2013a latent proteinase in guinea pig sperm.","volume":"151","author":"McDonald","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Comm"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1997.tb02438.x","article-title":"Interactions of proteases and protease inhibitors in Sertoli-germ cell cocultures preceding the formation of specialized Sertoli-germ cell junctions in vitro.","volume":"18","author":"Mruk","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-12-1789","article-title":"Cyclic protein-2, a secretory product of rat Sertoli cells, is the proenzyme form of cathepsin L.","volume":"5","author":"Erickson-Lawrence","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1997.00140.x","article-title":"Interactions between ovine cathepsin L, cystatin C and alpha 2-macroglobulin. Potential role in the genital tract.","volume":"244","author":"Peloille","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90156-8","article-title":"Structure, function, and control of neutrophil proteinases.","volume":"84","author":"Travis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/150.6_Pt_2.S123","article-title":"The role of phagocyte proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in multiple organ failure","volume":"150","author":"Jochum","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00273-1","article-title":"Cathepsins B, H, L and cysteine protease inhibitors in malignant prostate cell lines, primary cultured prostatic cells and prostatic tissue.","volume":"35","author":"Friedrich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s005950170126","article-title":"Expression of cathepsin B and cystatin C in human breast cancer.","volume":"31","author":"Yano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(00)01803-2","article-title":"The contribution of proteinase inhibitors to immune defense.","volume":"22","author":"Armstrong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/337385a0","article-title":"Bacterial growth blocked by a synthetic peptide based on the structure of a human proteinase inhibitor.","volume":"337","author":"Bjo\u0308rck","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R25","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Cystatin and cystatin-derived peptides have antibacterial activity against the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.","volume":"379","author":"Blankenvoorde","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2000.d01-85.x","article-title":"Synthesis and antibacterial properties of peptidyl derivatives and cyclopeptides structurally based upon the inhibitory center of human cystatin C. Dissociation of antiproteolytic and antibacterial effects.","volume":"108","author":"Kasprzykowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm3.1996.377.1.19","article-title":"Characterization of cystatin C from bovine parotid glands: cysteine proteinase inhibition and antiviral properties.","volume":"377","author":"Cimerman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.64.2.941-943.1990","article-title":"Cystatin C, a human proteinase inhibitor, blocks replication of Herpes simplex virus.","volume":"64","author":"Bjo\u0308rck","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.4.846","article-title":"Antiviral effect of oryzacystatin, a proteinase inhibitor in rice, against herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro and in vivo.","volume":"39","author":"Aoki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01368-5","article-title":"A plant defensive cystatin (soyacystatin) targets cathepsin L-like digestive cysteine proteinases (DvCALs) in the larval midgut of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).","volume":"471","author":"Koiwa","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03109.x","article-title":"The 2.0 A\u030a X-ray crystal structure of chicken egg white cystatin and its possible mode of interaction with cysteine proteinases.","volume":"7","author":"Bode","year":"1988","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/86188","article-title":"Human cystatin C, an amyloidogenic protein, dimerizes through three-dimensional domain swapping.","volume":"8","author":"Janowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Struct Biol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.0088","article-title":"The three dimensional solution structure of human stefin A.","volume":"246","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08321.x","article-title":"The refined 2.4 A\u030a X-ray crystal structure of recombinant human stefin B in complex with the cysteine proteinase papain: a novel type of proteinase inhibitor interaction.","volume":"9","author":"Stubbs","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14753","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0006971","article-title":"Three-dimensional solution structure of oryzacystatin-I, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor of the rice, Oryza sativa L. japonica.","volume":"39","author":"Nagata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.17.4629","article-title":"Lysosomal cysteine proteases: facts and opportunities.","volume":"20","author":"Turk","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R37","author":"Ausubel","year":"1994"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/10.1.1","article-title":"Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites.","volume":"10","author":"Nielsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Protein Eng"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.1.215","article-title":"The PROSITE database, its status in 1999.","volume":"27","author":"Hofmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer D 2000 Hybrid-fold recognition: combining sequence derived properties with evolutionary information. Pac Symp Biocomp 119\u2013130","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814447331_0012"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235","article-title":"The Protein Data Bank.","volume":"28","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R42","author":"Christopher","year":"1997"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.10.8422","article-title":"Primate epididymis-specific proteins: characterization of ESC42, a novel protein containing a trefoil-like motif in monkey and human.","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)48384-6","article-title":"Comparison of techniques for selection of motile spermatozoa.","volume":"43","author":"Berger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod41.4.635","article-title":"Methods for evaluating the acrosomal status of mammalian sperm.","volume":"41","author":"Cross","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199607)245:3<500::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Changes in binding of lectins to epididymal, ejaculated and capacitated spermatozoa of the rhesus monkey.","volume":"245","author":"Navaneetham","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.3.7389","article-title":"HE2\u03b2 and HE2\u03b3, new members of an epididymis-specific family of androgen-regulated proteins in the human.","volume":"141","author":"Hamil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.2144\/00294rv01","article-title":"Human antimicrobial peptides: analysis and application.","volume":"29","author":"Cole","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/414865a","article-title":"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.","volume":"414","author":"Deloukas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2680287","article-title":"Structure and expression of the human cystatin C gene.","volume":"268","author":"Abrahamson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(94)00728-B","article-title":"Structural organization, expression and chromosomal mapping of the mouse cystatin-C-encoding gene (Cst3).","volume":"152","author":"Huh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54958-9","article-title":"Structure and expression of the gene encoding cystatin D, a novel human cysteine proteinase inhibitor.","volume":"266","author":"Freije","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3400085","article-title":"Structure, alternative splicing and chromosomal localization of the cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic gene.","volume":"340","author":"Cornwall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(82)90059-8","article-title":"Correlation of diurnal changes in hormones with sexual behavior and age in male Rhesus macaques.","volume":"3","author":"Chambers","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.19.5354","article-title":"Exon structure conservation despite low sequence similarity: a relic of dramatic events in evolution?","volume":"20","author":"Betts","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)02176-4","article-title":"Alternative splicing: increasing diversity in the proteomic world.","volume":"17","author":"Graveley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.5.1452","article-title":"CCAAT\/Enhancer binding protein \u03b2 regulates expression of the cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic (CRES) gene.","volume":"65","author":"Hsia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.1.186","article-title":"Identification, expression, and regulation of the transcriptional factor polyomavirus enhancer activator 3 and its putative role in regulating the expression of \u03b3-glutamyl transpeptidase mRNA-IV in the rat epididymis.","volume":"57","author":"Lan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00462-0","article-title":"Cloning and sequencing of human Eppin: a novel family of protease inhibitors expressed in the epididymis and testis.","volume":"270","author":"Richardson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R60","first-page":"1109","volume":"60","author":"Naumann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nuclear factor-\u03baB activation and innate immune response in microbial pathogen infection Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R61","first-page":"27","author":"Orgebin-Crist","year":"1996"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-115-5-1925","article-title":"On the androgen microenvironment of maturing spermatozoa.","volume":"115","author":"Turner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1056545","article-title":"An antimicrobial peptide gene found in the male reproductive system of rats.","volume":"291","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0865fje","article-title":"Human \u03b2-defensin 4: a novel inducible peptide with a specific salt-sensitive spectrum of antimicrobial activity.","volume":"15","author":"Garcia","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R65","unstructured":"Hall SH, Hamil KG, French FS, Host defense proteins of the male reproductive tract. J Androl, in press"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4297","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4297-4302.2000","article-title":"The human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP18) is expressed in the epithelium of human epididymis, is present in seminal plasma at high concentrations and is attached to spermatozoa.","volume":"68","author":"Malm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2019041201095871900_R67","first-page":"169","author":"Cornwall","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/143\/7\/2787\/10370701\/endo2787.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T11:55:47Z","timestamp":1746100547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/143\/7\/2787\/2989712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.143.7.8925","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}}}