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Vitamin D receptors are widely distributed in male and female reproductive systems, suggesting that vitamin D is essential for fertility. Because vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent around the world, this review aims to discuss the potential functions of vitamin D in male and female reproductive systems and the associations between vitamin D and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. Vitamin D is involved in many physiological reproductive processes, including steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and acrosome reaction. It is correlated with sperm quality, ovarian reserve, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometriosis, among others. Controversial clinical findings on vitamin D levels and ART outcomes were revealed in this review, and demonstrations of efficacy for human fertility in randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation are notably lacking. Thus, further studies are highly required involving molecular mechanisms among different species and human populations, as well as randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T02:21:00Z","timestamp":1581992460000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Roles of Vitamin D in Reproductive Systems and Assisted Reproductive Technology"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Yilu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted 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