{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:47:08Z","timestamp":1787021228330,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"John J. Kopchick Molecular and Cellular Biology\/Translational Biomedical Sciences Research Fellowship"},{"name":"NIH-NIDDK","award":["U24-DK092993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24-DK092993"]}]},{"name":"NIH-NIA","award":["R01-AG059779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG059779"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The gut microbiome has been implicated in host metabolism, endocrinology, and pathophysiology. Furthermore, several studies have shown that gut bacteria impact host growth, partially mediated through the growth hormone (GH)\/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. Yet, no study to date has examined the specific role of GH on the gut microbiome. Our study thus characterized the adult gut microbial profile and intestinal phenotype in GH gene-disrupted (GH-\/-) mice (a model of GH deficiency) and bovine GH transgenic (bGH) mice (a model of chronic, excess GH action) at 6 months of age. Both the GH-\/- and bGH mice had altered microbial signatures, in opposing directions at the phylum and genus levels. For example, GH-\/- mice had significantly reduced abundance in the Proteobacteria, Campylobacterota, and Actinobacteria phyla, whereas bGH mice exhibited a trending increase in those phyla compared with respective controls. Analysis of maturity of the microbial community demonstrated that lack of GH results in a significantly more immature microbiome while excess GH increases microbial maturity. Several common bacterial genera were shared, although in opposing directions, between the 2 mouse lines (e.g., decreased in GH-\/- mice and increased in bGH mice), suggesting an association with GH. Similarly, metabolic pathways like acetate, butyrate, heme B, and folate biosynthesis were predicted to be impacted by GH. This study is the first to characterize the gut microbiome in mouse lines with altered GH action and indicates that GH may play a role in the growth of certain microbiota thus impacting microbial maturation and metabolic function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:55:05Z","timestamp":1582678505000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Growth Hormone Deficiency and Excess Alter the Gut Microbiome in Adult Male Mice"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1688-2856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1770-1391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4633-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Busken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8230-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward O","family":"List","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7090-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronan K","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4561-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J","family":"Kopchick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-4829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin R","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-9229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darlene E","family":"Berryman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002533","article-title":"Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body","volume":"14","author":"Sender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plos Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.10.012","article-title":"Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: current concepts, future directions, and clinical applications","volume":"12","author":"B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00493.x","article-title":"Defining the human microbiome","volume":"70","author":"Ursell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974","article-title":"The gut microbiota \u2014 masters of host development and physiology","volume":"11","author":"Sommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Micro."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0420-5","article-title":"Linking the gut microbiota to bone health in anorexia nervosa","volume":"16","author":"Aurigemma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2014-1108","article-title":"Minireview: gut microbiota: the neglected endocrine organ","volume":"28","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuu010","article-title":"Microbial endocrinology: the interplay between the microbiota and the endocrine system","volume":"39","author":"Neuman","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev."},{"issue":"7122","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest","volume":"444","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2017.11.007","article-title":"Development of microbiota in infants and its role in maturation of gut mucosa and immune system","volume":"48","author":"Ximenez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Med Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06126-x","article-title":"Commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions in bone marrow and liver have catabolic effects on skeletal homeostasis in health","volume":"7","author":"Novince","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665110001813","article-title":"Gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders","volume":"69","author":"Sanz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"issue":"6293","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9359","article-title":"Childhood undernutrition, the gut microbiota, and microbiota-directed therapeutics","volume":"352","author":"Blanton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0357-1","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota in female mice with persistent low body weights following removal of post-weaning chronic dietary restriction","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"issue":"7505","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13421","article-title":"Persistent gut microbiota immaturity in malnourished Bangladeshi children","volume":"510","author":"Subramanian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00899","article-title":"Gut bacteria missing in severe acute malnutrition, can we identify potential probiotics by culturomics?","volume":"8","author":"Tidjani Alou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current understanding of the human microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.09.008","article-title":"Inflammation, antibiotics, and diet as environmental stressors of the gut microbiome in pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"issue":"6275","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8588","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum strain maintains growth of infant mice during chronic undernutrition","volume":"351","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.07.012","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum promotes Drosophila systemic growth by modulating hormonal signals through TOR-dependent nutrient sensing","volume":"14","author":"Storelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"47","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607235113","article-title":"Gut microbiota induce IGF-1 and promote bone formation and growth","volume":"113","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"0","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated bone remodeling","volume":"0","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"issue":"6056","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1212782","article-title":"Drosophila microbiome modulates host developmental and metabolic homeostasis via insulin signaling","volume":"334","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.09.023","article-title":"The mouse microbiome is required for sex-specific diurnal rhythms of gene expression and metabolism","volume":"29","author":"Weger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0024","article-title":"The role of Ames dwarfism and calorie restriction on gut microbiota","author":"Wiesenborn","year":"2019; 236","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c160027","article-title":"Impact of growth hormone on regulation of adipose tissue","volume":"7","author":"Troike","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607195019004296","article-title":"Growth hormone, glutamine, and a modified diet enhance nutrient absorption in patients with severe short bowel syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Byrne","year":"1995","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0027","first-page":"395","article-title":"Protective effects of growth hormone on bacterial translocation and intestinal damage in rats with partial intestinal obstruction","volume":"115","author":"Kaymakci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2019.05.001","article-title":"Characterization of an intestine-specific GH receptor knockout (IntGHRKO) mouse","volume":"46-47","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2015.09.004","article-title":"Regulation of skeletal growth and mineral acquisition by the GH\/IGF-1 axis: Lessons from mouse models","volume":"28","author":"Yakar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00167","article-title":"GH knockout mice have increased subcutaneous adipose tissue with decreased fibrosis and enhanced insulin sensitivity","volume":"160","author":"List","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.02.005","article-title":"Comparing adiposity profiles in three mouse models with altered GH signaling","volume":"14","author":"Berryman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2017.12.010","article-title":"Increased fibrosis: a novel means by which GH influences white adipose tissue function","volume":"39","author":"Householder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1199","article-title":"Age-related changes in body composition of bovine growth hormone transgenic mice","volume":"150","author":"Palmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0034"},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000080107","article-title":"Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample","volume":"108","author":"Caporaso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0036","author":"Jensen"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0491-7","article-title":"Absolute quantitation of microbiota abundance in environmental samples","volume":"6","author":"Tkacz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-015-0524-1","article-title":"Bacterial reference genes for gene expression studies by RT-qPCR: survey and analysis","volume":"108","author":"Rocha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00470-17","article-title":"Gut microbiota mediates the protective effects of dietary capsaicin against chronic low-grade inflammation and associated obesity induced by high-fat diet","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"issue":"Database issue","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0042","first-page":"D590","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"113","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/54161","article-title":"Improved swiss-rolling technique for intestinal tissue preparation for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analyses","author":"Bialkowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vis Exp."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0044","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team RC","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0045","author":"Wickham"},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0046","volume-title":"An {R} Companion to Applied Regression","author":"Fox","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00863","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","author":"Lakens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0048","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2014-031","article-title":"MVN: An R package for assessing multivariate normality","volume":"6","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0050","author":"Pinheiro"},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0051","author":"Barton"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2016.1267261","article-title":"Microbiome, growth retardation and metabolism: are they related?","volume":"44","author":"Hoffman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005","article-title":"The treatment-naive microbiome in new-onset Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Gevers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"issue":"190","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190ps10","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004731","article-title":"The gut microbiome in intestinal fibrosis: environmental protector or provocateur?","volume":"5","author":"Rieder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00408","article-title":"The gut microbiome derived from anorexia nervosa patients impairs weight gain and behavioral performance in female mice","volume":"160","author":"Hata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2018.0040","article-title":"Childhood obesity and firmicutes\/bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Indiani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Obes."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109550","article-title":"Gut microbiota combined with metabolomics reveals the metabolic profile of the normal aging process and the anti-aging effect of FuFang Zhenshu TiaoZhi(FTZ) in mice","volume":"121","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181161","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.1161","article-title":"Association of exposure to formula in the hospital and subsequent infant feeding practices with gut microbiota and risk of overweight in the first year of life","volume":"172","author":"Forbes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0216-2","article-title":"Infant diet and maternal gestational weight gain predict early metabolic maturation of gut microbiomes","volume":"24","author":"Baumann-Dudenhoeffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"7728","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0617-x","article-title":"Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study","volume":"562","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"7728","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0620-2","article-title":"The human gut microbiome in early-onset type 1 diabetes from the TEDDY study","volume":"562","author":"Vatanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"6380","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao5774","article-title":"Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"10","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0233-9","article-title":"Blood metabolome predicts gut microbiome \u03b1-diversity in humans","volume":"37","author":"Wilmanski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.08.015","article-title":"Gut microbiota signatures of longevity","volume":"26","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2016.12.013","article-title":"The gut microbiota of centenarians: signatures of longevity in the gut microbiota profile","volume":"165","author":"Biagi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.67","article-title":"The GH\/IGF-1 axis in ageing and longevity","volume":"9","author":"Junnila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041560114","article-title":"Decrease in cellular replicative potential in \u201cgiant\u201d mice transfected with the bovine growth hormone gene correlates to shortened life span","volume":"156","author":"Pendergrass","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00280","article-title":"The gut microbiome influences host endocrine functions","volume":"40","author":"Rastelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2942","article-title":"An integrated catalog of reference genes in the human gut microbiome","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","article-title":"Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0704-8","article-title":"Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health","volume":"7","author":"Oliphant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"issue":"11","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21474","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141121474","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids inhibit growth hormone and prolactin gene transcription via cAMP\/PKA\/CREB signaling pathway in dairy cow anterior pituitary cells","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9024298","article-title":"Enhanced growth of small bowel in transgenic mice expressing human insulin-like growth factor I","volume":"112","author":"Ohneda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22470","article-title":"Enhanced survival and mucosal repair after dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in transgenic mice that overexpress growth hormone","volume":"120","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.05.020","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-1 contributes to mucosal repair by \u03b2-arrestin2-mediated extracellular signal-related kinase signaling in experimental colitis","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1241","article-title":"Haplotype insufficiency for suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 enhances intestinal growth and promotes polyp formation in growth hormone-transgenic mice","volume":"147","author":"Michaylira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607117709435","article-title":"Distinct effects of growth hormone and glutamine on activation of intestinal stem cells","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309098257","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone on the inflammatory activity of experimental colitis in rats","volume":"28","author":"Christensen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(99)00285-9","article-title":"Beneficial effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on intestinal bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and apoptosis in experimentally jaundiced rats","volume":"190","author":"Scopa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108316197","article-title":"Colostrum supplementation restores insulin-like growth factor -1 levels and alters muscle morphology following massive small bowel resection","volume":"32","author":"Pereira-Fantini","year":"2008","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0081","first-page":"4637621","article-title":"Gastrointestinal motility, mucosal mast cell, and intestinal histology in rats: effect of prednisone","volume":"2017","author":"de Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0184274","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184274","article-title":"The effect of age on the intestinal mucus thickness, microbiota composition and immunity in relation to sex in mice","volume":"12","author":"Elderman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.8.5915","article-title":"A sexually dimorphic pattern of growth hormone secretion in the elderly","volume":"84","author":"Hindmarsh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"2020070807141349500_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4776","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030246","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of growth hormone (GH) regulation in humans: endogenous GH-releasing hormone maintains basal GH in women but not in men","volume":"88","author":"Jessup","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa026\/32649478\/bqaa026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/161\/4\/bqaa026\/33474042\/bqaa026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/161\/4\/bqaa026\/33474042\/bqaa026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T13:01:34Z","timestamp":1695819694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa026\/5758063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"article-number":"bqaa026"}}