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The blocking effect of progesterone on the LH surge is mediated through its receptor in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of the hypothalamus. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The preovulatory LH surge induced by estrogen is preceded by a significant reduction in hypothalamic dynorphin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. To test the detailed roles of dynorphin and GABA in an LH surge blockade by progesterone, ovariectomized and 17\u03b2-estradiol capsule-implanted (OVX\/E2) mice received simultaneous injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) or vehicle for 2 consecutive days. The LH level was monitored from 2:30 pm to 8:30 pm at 30-minute intervals. Progesterone coadministration resulted in the LH surge blockade. A continuous microinfusion of the dynorphin receptor antagonist nor-BNI or GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline into the AVPV from 3:00 pm to 7:00 pm reversed the progesterone-mediated blockade of the LH surge in 7 of 9 and 6 of 10 mice, respectively. In addition, these LH surges started much earlier than the surge induced by estrogen alone. However, 5 of 7 progesterone-treated mice did not show LH surge secretion after microinfusion with the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP-35348. Additionally, peripheral administration of kisspeptin-54 promotes LH surge-like release in progesterone treated mice. These results demonstrated that the progesterone-mediated suppression of the LH surge is mediated by an increase in dynorphin and GABAA receptor signaling acting though kisspeptin neurons in the AVPV of the hypothalamus in female mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T08:37:31Z","timestamp":1584434251000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dynorphin and GABAA Receptor Signaling Contribute to Progesterone\u2019s Inhibition of the LH Surge in Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Yali","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, 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