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Despite this tightly coordinated system, pathological hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder that is often not understood, thereby highlighting the need to expand our molecular understanding of lactotroph cell regulation. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) is the most highly expressed miRNA family in the pituitary gland and the loss of the miR-7 family member, miR-7a2, is sufficient to reduce prolactin gene expression in mice. Here, we used conditional loss-of-function and gain-of-function mouse models to characterize the function of miR-7a2 in lactotroph cells. We found that pituitary miR-7a2 expression undergoes developmental and sex hormone\u2013dependent regulation. Unexpectedly, the loss of mir-7a2 induces a premature increase in prolactin expression and lactotroph abundance during embryonic development, followed by a gradual loss of prolactin into adulthood. On the other hand, lactotroph development is delayed in mice overexpressing miR-7a2. This regulation of lactotroph function by miR-7a2 involves complementary mechanisms in multiple cell populations. In mouse pituitary and rat prolactinoma cells, miR-7a2 represses its target Raf1, which promotes prolactin gene expression. These findings shed light on the complex regulation of prolactin production and may have implications for the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying hyperprolactinemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T00:36:49Z","timestamp":1606610209000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["MicroRNA-7a2 Regulates Prolactin in Developing Lactotrophs and Prolactinoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Mary P","family":"LaPierre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"Godbersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f2nica","family":"Torres Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs Nura","family":"Schad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Treier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Zentrum f\u00fcr molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Ghoshdastider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, 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