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Type 1 diabetes ensues due to autoimmune destruction of \u03b2-cells. On the other hand, the prevailing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) elicits a compensatory response from \u03b2-cells that involves increases in \u03b2-cell mass and function. However, the sustained metabolic stress results in \u03b2-cell failure, characterized by severe \u03b2-cell dysfunction and loss of \u03b2-cell mass. Dynamic changes to \u03b2-cell mass also occur during pancreatic development that involves extensive growth and morphogenesis. These orchestrated events are triggered by multiple signaling pathways, including those representing the transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) superfamily. TGF-\u03b2 pathway ligands play important roles during endocrine pancreas development, \u03b2-cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, new findings are suggestive of TGF-\u03b2\u2019s role in regulation of adult \u03b2-cell mass and function. Collectively, these findings support the therapeutic utility of targeting TGF-\u03b2 in diabetes. Summarizing the role of the various TGF-\u03b2 pathway ligands in \u03b2-cell development, growth and function in normal physiology, and during diabetes pathogenesis is the topic of this mini-review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T06:09:31Z","timestamp":1608617371000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["TGF-\u03b2 Signaling in Pancreatic Islet \u03b2 Cell Development and Function"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2011-5281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushil G","family":"Rane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021121701421602600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.6.871","article-title":"A bipotential precursor population for pancreas and liver within the 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