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Here, fugu larvae were treated with AI (letrozole), MT, or E2 from 25 to 80 days after hatching (dah), and gonadal transcriptomic analysis at 80 dah was performed. The expression of dmrt1, gsdf, foxl2, and other key genes (star, hsd3b1, cyp11c1, cyp19a1a, etc.) involved in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway were found be altered. The expression of dmrt1, gsdf, cyp19a1a, and foxl2 was further verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the control group, the expression of dmrt1 and gsdf was significantly higher in XY larvae than in XX larvae, while the expression of foxl2 and cyp19a1a was significantly higher in XX larvae than in XY larvae (P &amp;lt; .05). AI treatment suppressed the expression of foxl2 and cyp19a1a, and induced the expression of dmrt1 and gsdf in XX larvae. MT treatment suppressed the expression of foxl2, cyp19a1a, dmrt1, and gsdf in XX larvae. E2 treatment suppressed the expression of dmrt1 and gsdf, but did not restore the expression of foxl2 and cyp19a1a in XY larvae. The shared response following AI, MT, and E2 treatment suggested that these genes are essential for sex differentiation. This finding offers some insight into AI or MT-induced masculinization, and E2-induced femininization in fugu.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T03:18:28Z","timestamp":1617938308000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gene Expression of<i>Takifugu rubripes<\/i>Gonads During AI- or MT-induced Masculinization and E2-induced Feminization"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal university, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China"},{"name":"College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, 116023, Dalian, China"},{"name":"College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9306-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment 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