{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T23:11:29Z","timestamp":1773184289719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1850\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1850\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology through a Levi Eshkol Doctoral Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The world of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has opened up massive new prospects in understanding the regulation of gene expression. Not only are there seemingly almost infinite numbers of lncRNAs in the mammalian cell, but they have highly diverse mechanisms of action. In the nucleus, some are chromatin-associated, transcribed from transcriptional enhancers (eRNAs) and\/or direct changes in the epigenetic landscape with profound effects on gene expression. The pituitary gonadotrope is responsible for activation of reproduction through production and secretion of appropriate levels of the gonadotropic hormones. As such, it exemplifies a cell whose function is defined through changes in developmental and temporal patterns of gene expression, including those that are hormonally induced. Roles for diverse distal regulatory elements and eRNAs in gonadotrope biology have only just begun to emerge. Here, we will present an overview of the different kinds of lncRNAs that alter gene expression, and what is known about their roles in regulating some of the key gonadotrope genes. We will also review various screens that have detected differentially expressed pituitary lncRNAs associated with changes in reproductive state and those whose expression is found to play a role in gonadotrope-derived nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. We hope to shed light on this exciting new field, emphasize the open questions, and encourage research to illuminate the roles of lncRNAs in various endocrine systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T18:18:29Z","timestamp":1623349109000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhancing Gonadotrope Gene Expression Through Regulatory lncRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Tal","family":"Refael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7814-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippa","family":"Melamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.018","article-title":"Ever-changing landscapes: transcriptional enhancers in development and evolution","volume":"167","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3682","article-title":"Transcriptional enhancers: from properties to genome-wide predictions","volume":"15","author":"Shlyueva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.05.004","article-title":"The diversity of long noncoding RNAs and their generation","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0184-5","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression by cis-acting long non-coding RNAs","volume":"21","author":"Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2942","article-title":"Discovery and annotation of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"22","author":"Mattick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00330-4","article-title":"Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions","volume":"22","author":"Statello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0311-8","article-title":"Cellular functions of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.11.005","article-title":"Nuclear long noncoding RNAs: key regulators of gene expression","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-110711-155459","article-title":"Noncoding transcription at enhancers: general principles and functional models","volume":"46","author":"Natoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0446-0","article-title":"Enhancer RNAs are an important regulatory layer of the epigenome","volume":"27","author":"Sartorelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"issue":"7483","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12986","article-title":"The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition","volume":"505","author":"Tay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2580","article-title":"From pseudo-ceRNAs to circ-ceRNAs: a tale of cross-talk and competition","volume":"20","author":"Taulli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"issue":"7441","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11928","article-title":"Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency","volume":"495","author":"Memczak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128074","article-title":"Circular RNAs: analysis, expression and potential functions","volume":"143","author":"Barrett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development."},{"issue":"7441","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993","article-title":"Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges","volume":"495","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.08.017","article-title":"Circular intronic long noncoding RNAs","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.02.070","article-title":"Disintegration of cruciform and G-quadruplex structures during the course of helicase-dependent amplification (HDA)","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2015.05.007","article-title":"A unified architecture of transcriptional regulatory elements","volume":"31","author":"Andersson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"issue":"7235","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07672","article-title":"Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large non-coding RNAs in mammals","volume":"458","author":"Guttman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0020","volume-title":"Chapter 25 \u2013 Physiology and Disorders of Puberty","author":"Styne","year":"2016","edition":"13"},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2015.04.002","article-title":"Neuroendocrine control of the onset of puberty","volume":"38","author":"Plant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111031","article-title":"The role of the hypothalamus and pituitary epigenomes in central activation of the reproductive axis at puberty","volume":"518","author":"Shalev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.adgen.2016.08.004","article-title":"The functionality and evolution of eukaryotic transcriptional enhancers","volume":"96","author":"Buffry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.08.007","article-title":"Spirits in the material world: enhancer RNAs in transcriptional regulation","volume":"46","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0128-0","article-title":"Long-range enhancer-promoter contacts in gene expression control","volume":"20","author":"Schoenfelder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0173-8","article-title":"Determinants of enhancer and promoter activities of regulatory elements","volume":"21","author":"Andersson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"issue":"7398","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11082","article-title":"Topological domains in mammalian genomes identified by analysis of chromatin interactions","volume":"485","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.009","article-title":"Looping back to leap forward: transcription enters a new era","volume":"157","author":"Levine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65381","article-title":"Evidence for additive and synergistic action of mammalian enhancers during cell fate determination","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.12.040","article-title":"The corepressors GPS2 and SMRT control enhancer and silencer remodeling via eRNA transcription during inflammatory activation of macrophages","volume":"81","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.03.035","article-title":"Master transcription factors and mediator establish super-enhancers at key cell identity genes","volume":"153","author":"Whyte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.053","article-title":"Super-enhancers in the control of cell identity and disease","volume":"155","author":"Hnisz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.12.047","article-title":"Temporal dissection of an enhancer cluster reveals distinct temporal and functional contributions of individual elements","volume":"81","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"6400","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar3958","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3958","article-title":"Coactivator condensation at super-enhancers links phase separation and gene control","volume":"361","author":"Sabari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.02.007","article-title":"A phase separation model for transcriptional control","volume":"169","author":"Hnisz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"6400","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4199","article-title":"Mediator and RNA polymerase II clusters associate in transcription-dependent condensates","volume":"361","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00672","article-title":"Introns as gene regulators: a brick on the accelerator","volume":"9","author":"Rose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0038","article-title":"Intronic enhancers regulate the expression of genes involved in tissue-specific functions and homeostasis","author":"Borsari","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0209-0","article-title":"Towards a comprehensive catalogue of validated and target-linked human enhancers","volume":"21","author":"Gasperini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2085","article-title":"Transcription initiation platforms and GTF recruitment at tissue-specific enhancers and promoters","volume":"18","author":"Koch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.118.301895","article-title":"Sequence characteristics distinguish transcribed enhancers from promoters and predict their breadth of activity","volume":"211","author":"Colbran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5306","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa223","article-title":"Pervasive and CpG-dependent promoter-like characteristics of transcribed enhancers","volume":"48","author":"Steinhaus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3662","article-title":"G-quadruplex structures mark human regulatory chromatin","volume":"48","author":"H\u00e4nsel-Hertsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.07.002","article-title":"The structure and function of DNA G-quadruplexes","volume":"2","author":"Spiegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-018-0046-3","article-title":"I-motif DNA structures are formed in the nuclei of human cells","volume":"10","author":"Zeraati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0236-x","article-title":"The regulation and functions of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes","volume":"21","author":"Varshney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-018-0131-8","article-title":"DNA G-quadruplex structures mold the DNA methylome","volume":"25","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2828","article-title":"Local epigenetic reprogramming induced by G-quadruplex ligands","volume":"9","author":"Guilbaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Chem."},{"issue":"7295","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09033","article-title":"Widespread transcription at neuronal activity-regulated enhancers","volume":"465","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000384","article-title":"A large fraction of extragenic RNA pol II transcription sites overlap enhancers","volume":"8","author":"De Santa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plos Biol."},{"issue":"7455","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12210","article-title":"Functional roles of enhancer RNAs for oestrogen-dependent transcriptional activation","volume":"498","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/21541264.2015.1128517","article-title":"Transcriptional enhancers: transcription, function and flexibility","volume":"7","author":"Melamed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transcription."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5963","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19829-z","article-title":"Population-scale study of eRNA transcription reveals bipartite functional enhancer architecture","volume":"11","author":"Kristj\u00e1nsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"14","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414841112","article-title":"RNA transcribed from a distal enhancer is required for activating the chromatin at the promoter of the gonadotropin \u03b1-subunit gene","volume":"112","author":"Pnueli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"17","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9550","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa671","article-title":"Enhancer RNAs predict enhancer-gene regulatory links and are critical for enhancer function in neuronal systems","volume":"48","author":"Carullo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"7438","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11884","article-title":"Activating RNAs associate with Mediator to enhance chromatin architecture and transcription","volume":"494","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.11.021","article-title":"eRNAs are required for p53-dependent enhancer activity and gene transcription","volume":"49","author":"Melo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"20","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7319","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1324151111","article-title":"Enhancer RNAs participate in androgen receptor-driven looping that selectively enhances gene activation","volume":"111","author":"Hsieh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.020","article-title":"RNA Binding to CBP stimulates histone acetylation and transcription","volume":"168","author":"Bose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.08.023","article-title":"Enhancer RNA facilitates NELF release from immediate early genes","volume":"56","author":"Schaukowitch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0061","first-page":"327","article-title":"The role of transcription in shaping the spatial organization of the genome","volume":"20","author":"van Steensel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2018.10.009","article-title":"Production of Spliced Long Noncoding RNAs Specifies Regions with Increased Enhancer Activity","volume":"7","author":"Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.01.024","article-title":"Divergent lncRNAs regulate gene expression and lineage differentiation in pluripotent cells","volume":"18","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2016.03.014","article-title":"Diverse regulatory interactions of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev."},{"issue":"7629","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20149","article-title":"Local regulation of gene expression by lncRNA promoters, transcription and splicing","volume":"539","author":"Engreitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"21","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.204438.112","article-title":"A triple helix stabilizes the 3\u2019 ends of long noncoding RNAs that lack poly(A) tails","volume":"26","author":"Wilusz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2844","article-title":"Structural insights into the stabilization of MALAT1 noncoding RNA by a bipartite triple helix","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.07.033","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs with snoRNA ends","volume":"48","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.10.007","article-title":"Unusual processing generates SPA LncRNAs that sequester multiple RNA binding proteins","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-287","article-title":"Species-specific alternative splicing leads to unique expression of sno-lncRNAs","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"issue":"7801","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2105-3","article-title":"U1 snRNP regulates chromatin retention of noncoding RNAs","volume":"580","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1080\/15476286.2019.1620061","article-title":"Nuclear retention element recruits U1 snRNP components to restrain spliced lncRNAs in the nucleus","volume":"16","author":"Azam","year":"2019","journal-title":"RNA Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.10","article-title":"Unique features of long non-coding RNA biogenesis and function","volume":"17","author":"Quinn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.07.003","article-title":"Linking long noncoding RNA localization and function","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2020.09.013","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs set the stage for RNA polymerase II transcription","volume":"37","author":"Studniarek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.07.014","article-title":"A ceRNA hypothesis: the Rosetta Stone of a hidden RNA language?","volume":"146","author":"Salmena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.09.029","article-title":"Coding-independent regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by competing endogenous mRNAs","volume":"147","author":"Tay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.04.041","article-title":"Expressed pseudogenes in the transcriptional landscape of human cancers","volume":"149","author":"Kalyana-Sundaram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003777","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003777","article-title":"Cell-type specific features of circular RNA expression","volume":"9","author":"Salzman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0141214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141214","article-title":"Identification and characterization of circular RNAs as a new class of putative biomarkers in human blood","volume":"10","author":"Memczak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2959","article-title":"Exon-intron circular RNAs regulate transcription in the nucleus","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.001","article-title":"Complementary sequence-mediated exon circularization","volume":"159","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.08.019","article-title":"circRNA biogenesis competes with pre-mRNA splicing","volume":"56","author":"Ashwal-Fluss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.12.011","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of polycomb-associated RNAs by RIP-seq","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"28","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11667","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904715106","article-title":"Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression","volume":"106","author":"Khalil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-019-0197-y","article-title":"RNA exploits an exposed regulatory site to inhibit the enzymatic activity of PRC2","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc9191","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abc9191","article-title":"Establishing RNA-RNA interactions remodels lncRNA structure and promotes PRC2 activity","volume":"7","author":"Balas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.02.003","article-title":"Targeting of polycomb repressive complex 2 to RNA by short repeats of consecutive guanines","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0206-3","article-title":"Regulatory R-loops as facilitators of gene expression and genome stability","volume":"21","author":"Niehrs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.04.034","article-title":"RNA exosome-regulated long non-coding RNA transcription controls super-enhancer activity","volume":"161","author":"Pefanis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.01.024","article-title":"R-loops as cellular regulators and genomic threats","volume":"73","author":"Crossley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.10.002","article-title":"R-loops promote antisense transcription across the mammalian genome","volume":"76","author":"Tan-Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7743","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8743","article-title":"MEG3 long noncoding RNA regulates the TGF-\u03b2 pathway genes through formation of RNA-DNA triplex structures","volume":"6","author":"Mondal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0094","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Enhancer-mediated high level expression of mouse pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit transgene in thyrotropes, gonadotropes, and developing pituitary gland","volume":"8","author":"Kendall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0095","first-page":"622","article-title":"Cell-specific expression of the mouse glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene requires multiple interacting DNA elements in transgenic mice and cultured cells","volume":"12","author":"Brinkmeier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00058","article-title":"Multifaceted targeting of the chromatin mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone effects on gene expression in the gonadotrope","volume":"9","author":"Melamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12958","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12958","article-title":"H2A.Z controls the stability and mobility of nucleosomes to regulate expression of the LH genes","volume":"7","author":"Rudnizky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa181","article-title":"FSHB transcription is regulated by a novel 5\u2032 distal enhancer with a fertility-associated single nucleotide polymorphism","volume":"162","author":"Bohaczuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00034","article-title":"Regulatory architecture of the L\u03b2T2 gonadotrope cell underlying the response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone","volume":"9","author":"Ruf-Zamojski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11791-9","article-title":"Pioneer and nonpioneer factor cooperation drives lineage specific chromatin opening","volume":"10","author":"Mayran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.167","article-title":"Molecular insights into the aetiology of female reproductive ageing","volume":"11","author":"Perry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7502","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8502","article-title":"Genome-wide association of polycystic ovary syndrome implicates alterations in gonadotropin secretion in European ancestry populations","volume":"6","author":"Hayes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz100","article-title":"Differentially expressed lncRNA-m433s1 regulates FSH secretion by functioning as a miRNA sponge in male rat anterior pituitary cells\u2020","volume":"101","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-20-0036","article-title":"circAkap17b acts as a miR-7 family molecular sponge to regulate FSH secretion in rat pituitary cells","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0540","article-title":"Identification of circular RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary","volume":"240","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.4.2567","article-title":"Egr-1 is a downstream effector of GnRH and synergizes by direct interaction with Ptx1 and SF-1 to enhance luteinizing hormone beta gene transcription","volume":"19","author":"Tremblay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0107","first-page":"106","article-title":"The protein kinase C system acts through the early growth response protein 1 to increase LHbeta gene expression in synergy with steroidogenic factor-1","volume":"13","author":"Halvorson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0108","first-page":"1235","article-title":"Sp1, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), and early growth response protein 1 (egr-1) binding sites form a tripartite gonadotropin-releasing hormone response element in the rat luteinizing hormone-beta gene promoter: an integral role for SF-1","volume":"14","author":"Kaiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0109","first-page":"752","article-title":"Early growth response protein 1 binds to the luteinizing hormone-\u03b2 promoter and mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated gene expression","volume":"13","author":"Wolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0022","article-title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone activation of c-jun, but not early growth response factor-1, stimulates transcription of a luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene","volume":"147","author":"Melamed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.03.024","article-title":"Transcription of gonadotropin beta subunit genes involves cross-talk between the transcription factors and co-regulators that mediate actions of the regulatory hormones","volume":"252","author":"Melamed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0112","author":"Borowsky","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2015.01.001","article-title":"Gonadotropin gene transcription is activated by menin-mediated effects on the chromatin","volume":"1849","author":"Wijeweera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"issue":"38","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10131","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704393114","article-title":"An epigenetic switch repressing Tet1 in gonadotropes activates the reproductive axis","volume":"114","author":"Yosefzon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.12.028","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of the gene encoding steroidogenic factor-1","volume":"371","author":"Hoivik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1305","article-title":"DNA methylation of intronic enhancers directs tissue-specific expression of steroidogenic factor 1\/adrenal 4 binding protein (SF-1\/Ad4BP)","volume":"152","author":"Hoivik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0444","article-title":"Pituitary homeobox 2 regulates adrenal4 binding protein\/steroidogenic factor-1 gene transcription in the pituitary gonadotrope through interaction with the intronic enhancer","volume":"22","author":"Shima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1502","article-title":"Functional characterization of genetically labeled gonadotropes","volume":"149","author":"Wen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0119","first-page":"257","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of multi-functional somatotropes, mammotropes and gonadotropes of the mouse anterior pituitary","volume":"449","author":"Villalobos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0120","first-page":"42","article-title":"Development of gonadotropes may involve cyclic transdifferentiation of growth hormone cells","volume-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem","author":"Childs","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2019.113344","article-title":"Gonadotrope plasticity at cellular, population and structural levels: A comparison between fishes and mammals","volume":"287","author":"Fontaine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.07.010","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of alternative promoters and enhancers in progenitor, immature, and mature gonadotrope cell lines","volume":"434","author":"Laverri\u00e8re","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-019-0291-8","article-title":"Identification of a pituitary ER\u03b1-activated enhancer triggering the expression of Nr5a1, the earliest gonadotrope lineage-specific transcription factor","volume":"12","author":"Pacini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.41","article-title":"Beyond transcription factors: How oncogenic signalling reshapes the epigenetic landscape","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gar005","article-title":"Wide-ranging DNA methylation differences of primary trophoblast cell populations and derived cell lines: implications and opportunities for understanding trophoblast function","volume":"17","author":"Novakovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2012.00162","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the tissue-specific and regulated activity of the Gnrhr promoter in mammals","volume":"3","author":"Schang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.15.2.0593","article-title":"Proximal cis-acting elements, including steroidogenic factor 1, mediate the efficiency of a distal enhancer in the promoter of the rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene","volume":"15","author":"Pincas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00402-6","article-title":"Interplay of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide with a silencer element to regulate the upstream promoter of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene","volume":"176","author":"Ngan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.16.7.0869","article-title":"Characterization of a new upstream GnRH receptor promoter in human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00187","article-title":"The role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis","volume":"8","author":"Gr\u00fcndker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1014","article-title":"GnRH receptors in cancer: from cell biology to novel targeted therapeutic strategies","volume":"33","author":"Limonta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00367","article-title":"Leptin regulation of gonadotrope gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors as a metabolic checkpoint and gateway to reproductive competence","volume":"8","author":"Odle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17996-6","article-title":"Identification of long non-coding RNAs in the immature and mature rat anterior pituitary","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11030320","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis and function prediction of long noncoding RNAs in sheep pituitary gland associated with sexual maturation","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10020157","article-title":"Pituitary transcriptomic study reveals the differential regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs related to prolificacy in different FecB genotyping sheep","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-020-00735-y","article-title":"Analysis of pituitary transcriptomics indicates that lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of sheep estrus","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Funct Integr Genomics."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10020090","article-title":"Comprehensive expression profiling analysis of pituitary indicates that circRNA participates in the regulation of sheep estrus","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0138","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs in prenatal and postnatal pituitary glands of sheep","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-00659-z","article-title":"lncRNAKB, a knowledgebase of tissue-specific functional annotation and trait association of long noncoding RNA","volume":"7","author":"Seifuddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Data."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76555-8","article-title":"Transcriptome and methylome analysis reveals three cellular origins of pituitary tumors","volume":"10","author":"Taniguchi-Ponciano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00688","article-title":"Clinical and pathological aspects of silent pituitary adenomas","volume":"104","author":"Drummond","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13948","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in primary gonadotrophin adenomas by RNA-seq","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0143","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of lncRNAs and mRNAs differentially expressed in non-functioning pituitary adenoma and construction of an lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network","volume":"8","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.043","article-title":"Genomic imprinting and physiological processes in mammals","volume":"176","author":"Tucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0554-0","article-title":"Expression of the long non-coding RNAs MEG3, HOTAIR, and MALAT-1 in non-functioning pituitary adenomas and their relationship to tumor behavior","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1848","volume":"90","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4119","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2633","article-title":"Selective loss of MEG3 expression and intergenic differentially methylated region hypermethylation in the MEG3\/DLK1 locus in human clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"93","author":"Gejman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.07.002","article-title":"Silencing of the imprinted DLK1-MEG3 locus in human clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"179","author":"Cheunsuchon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3677","article-title":"Paternally inherited DLK1 deletion associated with familial central precocious puberty","volume":"102","author":"Dauber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02189.x","article-title":"Role of the non-canonical notch ligand delta-like protein 1 in hormone-producing cells of the adult male mouse pituitary","volume":"23","author":"Puertas-Avenda\u00f1o","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12010","article-title":"Pituitary phenotypes of mice lacking the notch signalling ligand delta-like 1 homologue","volume":"25","author":"Cheung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"34","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24731","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702029200","article-title":"Activation of p53 by MEG3 non-coding RNA","volume":"282","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.07.025","article-title":"Conserved pseudoknots in lncRNA MEG3 are essential for stimulation of the p53 pathway","volume":"75","author":"Uroda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-71","article-title":"The expression of TGF-\u03b21, Smad3, phospho-Smad3 and Smad7 is correlated with the development and invasion of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"12","author":"Zhenye","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S99699","article-title":"Smad3 and phospho-Smad3 are potential markers of invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-010-0268-x","article-title":"MicroRNA profile indicates downregulation of the TGF\u03b2 pathway in sporadic non-functioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"14","author":"Butz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.01.025","article-title":"Cell-type specific modulation of pituitary cells by activin, inhibin and follistatin","volume":"359","author":"Bilezikjian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa056","article-title":"Murine FSH production depends on the activin type II receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B","volume":"161","author":"Schang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2015-1004","article-title":"Minireview: activin signaling in gonadotropes: what does the FOX say\u2026 to the SMAD?","volume":"29","author":"Fortin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5739","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA C5orf66-AS1 is downregulated in pituitary null cell adenomas and is associated with their invasiveness","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Rep."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00026-4","article-title":"The PTX family of homeodomain transcription factors during pituitary developments","volume":"140","author":"Drouin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.3.0073","article-title":"The pan-pituitary activator of transcription, Ptx1 (pituitary homeobox 1), acts in synergy with SF-1 and Pit1 and is an upstream regulator of the Lim-homeodomain gene Lim3\/Lhx3","volume":"12","author":"Tremblay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.4.484","article-title":"Role of the Bicoid-related homeodomain factor Pitx1 in specifying hindlimb morphogenesis and pituitary development","volume":"13","author":"Szeto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00807-09","article-title":"Pin1 facilitates the phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of SF-1 to regulate gonadotropin beta-subunit gene transcription","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0165","first-page":"996-1006","article-title":"The human genome browser at UCSC","volume":"12","author":"Kent","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0192742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192742","article-title":"Intragenic DNA methylation of PITX1 and the adjacent long non-coding RNA C5orf66-AS1 are prognostic biomarkers in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas","volume":"13","author":"Sailer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.03.019","article-title":"HMGA2: a pituitary tumour subtype-specific oncogene?","volume":"326","author":"Fedele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.04.010","article-title":"Differential Expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"490","author":"Portovedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01789-7","article-title":"RPSAP52 lncRNA is overexpressed in pituitary tumors and promotes cell proliferation by acting as miRNA sponge for HMGA proteins","volume":"97","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2015.1021520","article-title":"HMGA1-pseudogene expression is induced in human pituitary tumors","volume":"14","author":"Esposito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Cycle."},{"key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.038","article-title":"Circular RNA in invasive and recurrent clinical nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: expression profiles and bioinformatic analysis","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0172","first-page":"113","article-title":"A two-circRNA signature predicts tumour recurrence in clinical non-functioning pituitary adenoma","volume":"41","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol Rep."},{"issue":"26","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16148","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016148","article-title":"Differential circular RNA expression profiles of invasive and non-invasive non-functioning pituitary adenomas: A microarray analysis","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121717594689600_CIT0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01851","article-title":"circOMA1-mediated miR-145-5p suppresses tumor growth of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas by targeting TPT1","volume":"104","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqab116\/38593908\/bqab116.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/162\/8\/bqab116\/41810695\/bqab116.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/162\/8\/bqab116\/41810695\/bqab116.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:29:18Z","timestamp":1639769358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqab116\/6296031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":174,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqab116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"article-number":"bqab116"}}