{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:34:55Z","timestamp":1771338895121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Advocate Aurora Research Institute","award":["CORT113176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORT113176"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypoxia, a common stressor with preterm birth, increases morbidity and mortality associated with prematurity. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are administered to the preterm infant to improve oxygenation; prolonged use of GCs remains controversial. We evaluated a selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (CORT113176) in our neonatal rat model of human prematurity to assess how fasting and hypoxia-induced increases in neonatal corticosterone affects endogenous hormones and endocrine pancreas function. Neonatal rat pups at postnatal day (PD) 2, PD8, and PD15 were pretreated with CORT113176 and, after 60 minutes of separation and fasting, exposed to hypoxia (8% O2) or control (normoxia) for 30 or 60 minutes while fasting was continued. Plasma corticosterone, ACTH, glucose, and insulin were measured and fasting Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance was calculated. Glucocorticoid and insulin receptor-sensitive gene mRNAs were analyzed in liver, muscle, and adipose to evaluate target tissue biomarkers. CORT113176 pretreatment augmented baseline and hypoxia-induced increases in corticosterone and attenuated hypoxia-induced increases in insulin resistance at PD2. Normoxic and hypoxic stress increased the hepatic GR-sensitive gene mRNAs, Gilz and Per1; this was eliminated by pretreatment with CORT113176. CORT113176 pretreatment decreased baseline insulin receptor-sensitive gene mRNAs Akt2, Irs1, Pik3r1, and Srebp1c at PD2. We show that CORT113176 variably augments the stress-induced increases in corticosterone concentrations (attenuation of negative feedback) and that GR is critical for hepatic responses to stress in the hypoxic neonate. We also propose that measurement of Gilz and Per1 mRNA expression may be useful to evaluate the effectiveness of GR antagonism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T07:09:18Z","timestamp":1637219358000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Alters Corticosterone and Receptor-sensitive mRNAs in the Hypoxic Neonatal Rat"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Ashley L","family":"Gehrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle D","family":"Welhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Schulgit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microconstants, San Diego, CA 92121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5128-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hershel","family":"Raff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke\u2019s Medical Center, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80685-0","article-title":"Pathogenesis of apnea in preterm infants","volume":"109","author":"Martin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0002","first-page":"14","article-title":"Metabolic emergencies of the newborn: hypoxemia and hypoglycemia","volume":"13","author":"Frankel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Compr Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12717.x","article-title":"The association between preterm newborn hypotension and hypoxemia and outcome during the first year","volume":"82","author":"Low","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.015","article-title":"Sex-dependent alterations in response to maternal deprivation in rats","volume":"34","author":"Viveros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.000620","article-title":"Mechanisms of early life programming: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"94","author":"Tarry-Adkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0408-z","article-title":"The associations of birthweight, gestational age and childhood BMI with type 2 diabetes: findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort","volume":"49","author":"Lawlor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0558","article-title":"Perinatal risk factors for diabetes in later life","volume":"58","author":"Kaijser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adnc.2005.02.010","article-title":"A primer on apnea of prematurity","volume":"5","author":"Stokowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1195","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90400.2008","article-title":"Development of the ACTH and corticosterone response to acute hypoxia in the neonatal rat","volume":"295","author":"Bruder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R627","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00503.2011","article-title":"Effects of body temperature maintenance on glucose, insulin, and corticosterone responses to acute hypoxia in the neonatal rat","volume":"302","author":"Guenther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1159\/000515950","article-title":"Postnatal corticosteroids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"118","author":"Doyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neonatology."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2021.151478","article-title":"Impact of early respiratory care for extremely preterm infants","author":"Owen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxaa073","article-title":"Postnatal corticosteroids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants","volume":"25","author":"Lemyre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041671","article-title":"Preventing brain injury in the preterm infant-current controversies and potential therapies","volume":"22","author":"Yates","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023895","article-title":"Neonatal respiratory dysfunction and neuropsychological performance at the preschool age: a study of very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"25","author":"Newman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychology."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.48.1.231","article-title":"Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors: biology and clinical relevance","volume":"48","author":"Funder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2018.03.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of glucocorticoid signaling","volume":"79","author":"Vitellius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-020-00105-4","article-title":"Clinical management of patients with Cushing syndrome treated with mifepristone: consensus recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00648","article-title":"Medical treatment of Cushing\u2019s disease: an overview of the current and recent clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Pivonello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2019.05.007","article-title":"Medical management of Cushing disease","volume":"30","author":"Tritos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3028","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00482","article-title":"Sex differences in reproductive hormones during mini-puberty in infants with normal and disordered sex development","volume":"103","author":"Johannsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.10.097","article-title":"1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-g]hexahydro-isoquinolines as potent GR antagonists with reduced hERG inhibition and an improved pharmacokinetic profile","volume":"25","author":"Hunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2012.48.8.1841299","article-title":"The use of mifepristone in the treatment of Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00117","article-title":"A long-acting neutralizing monoclonal ACTH antibody blocks corticosterone and adrenal gene responses in neonatal rats","volume":"160","author":"Gehrand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"24","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14318","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14318","article-title":"The effects of flutamide on the neonatal rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axes in response to hypoxia","volume":"7","author":"Rolon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1269","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90207.2008","article-title":"Validation of simple indexes to assess insulin sensitivity during pregnancy in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"295","author":"Cacho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0027","author":"Gehrand"},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.05.042","article-title":"The selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator cort 113176 reduces neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in wobbler mice spinal cord","volume":"384","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12972","article-title":"Sex differences in adult rat insulin and glucose responses to arginine: programming effects of neonatal separation, hypoxia, and hypothermia","volume":"4","author":"Gehrand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R708","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00708.2010","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone responses to acute hypoxia in the neonatal rat: effects of body temperature maintenance","volume":"300","author":"Bruder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1224","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00259.2003","article-title":"Elevated corticosterone and inhibition of ACTH responses to CRH and ether in the neonatal rat: effect of hypoxia from birth","volume":"285","author":"Raff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429154","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/429154","article-title":"Maternal rat diabetes mellitus deleteriously affects insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in the offspring","volume":"2013","author":"Aref","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087137","article-title":"Perinatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate affects glucose metabolism in adult offspring","volume":"9","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.09.003","article-title":"Increased androgen levels in rats impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through disruption of pancreatic beta cell mitochondrial function","volume":"154","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14663","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14663","article-title":"Insulin and glucose responses to hypoxia in male and female neonatal rats: effects of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide","volume":"9","author":"Rolon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1590\/2359-3997000000169","article-title":"Validation of HOMA-IR in a model of insulin-resistance induced by a high-fat diet in Wistar rats","volume":"60","author":"Antunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2009.12.006","article-title":"Why the need for qPCR publication guidelines?\u2013The case for MIQE","volume":"50","author":"Bustin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa085","article-title":"Corticosterone, adrenal, and the pituitary-gonadal axis in neonatal rats: effect of maternal separation and hypoxia","volume":"161","author":"Gehrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1624","article-title":"FKBP5 mRNA expression is a biomarker for GR antagonism","volume":"101","author":"Bali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00023","article-title":"Effect of novel melanocortin type 2 receptor antagonists on the corticosterone response to ACTH in the neonatal rat adrenal gland in vivo and in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Nensey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R128","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00009.2018","article-title":"Effect of a melanocortin type 2 receptor (MC2R) antagonist on the corticosterone response to hypoxia and ACTH stimulation in the neonatal rat","volume":"315","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00054","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.54","article-title":"Adrenocortical control in the neonatal rat: ACTH- and cAMP-independent corticosterone production during hypoxia","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-6-2978","article-title":"Dissociation between changes in plasma bioactive and immunoreactive adrenocorticotropin after hemorrhage in awake dogs","volume":"124","author":"Engeland","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0046","first-page":"E53","article-title":"Responses of immunoreactive ACTH and bioactive ACTH to large hemorrhage and resuscitation in conscious dogs","volume":"269","author":"Lilly","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e03004","article-title":"Adverse effects of noise stress on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"5","author":"Morakinyo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00370","article-title":"Programming of the adult HPA axis after neonatal separation and environmental stress in male and female rats","volume":"159","author":"Gehrand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c150005","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal HPA axis","volume":"6","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(93)90079-Y","article-title":"Steroidogenesis in isolated adrenocortical cells during development in rats","volume":"92","author":"Arai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2005.01.026","article-title":"Gene array analysis of the effects of chronic adrenocorticotropic hormone in vivo on immature rat adrenal glands","volume":"96","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(95)03638-N","article-title":"Ontogeny of immunoreactive and bioactive microsomal steroidogenic enzymes during adrenocortical development in rats","volume":"114","author":"Nagaya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-3-1385","article-title":"The pituitary-adrenocortical system of neonatal rats is responsive to stress throughout development in a time-dependent and stressor-specific fashion","volume":"128","author":"Walker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(86)90159-4","article-title":"The adrenocortical axis in the aged rat: impaired sensitivity to both fast and delayed feedback inhibition","volume":"7","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(10)82020-5","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus: their impact on neurons survival and behavioral impairment after neonatal brain injury","volume":"82","author":"Rogalska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vitam Horm."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072313","article-title":"Comparison of stress-induced changes in adults and pups: is aldosterone the main adrenocortical stress hormone during the perinatal period in rats?","volume":"8","author":"Varga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130044","article-title":"The multifaceted mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"4","author":"Gomez-Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.7.6794","article-title":"The effect of hypoxia from birth on the regulation of aldosterone in the 7-day-old rat: plasma hormones, steroidogenesis in vitro, and steroidogenic enzyme messenger ribonucleic acid","volume":"140","author":"Raff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130054","article-title":"Sex differences in the HPA axis","volume":"4","author":"Goel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1180","article-title":"Sex differences in the serotonergic influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis","volume":"151","author":"Goel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22737","article-title":"Sex-dependent and differential responses to acute restraint stress of corticotropin-releasing factor-producing neurons in the rat paraventricular nucleus, central amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis","volume":"90","author":"Sterrenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.09.003","article-title":"Gender differences in corticotropin and corticosterone secretion and corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the central nucleus of the amygdala in response to footshock stress or psychological stress in rats","volume":"34","author":"Iwasaki-Sekino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-77-5-841","article-title":"Corticosteroid-binding globulin in the rat: studies on the sex difference","volume":"77","author":"Gala","year":"1965","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0064","first-page":"66","article-title":"Mechanisms of sex differentiation of the level of corticosteroid-binding globulin in rats","volume":"34","author":"Kurabekova","year":"1988","journal-title":"Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000184629","article-title":"Corticosteroid-binding globulin in preterm infants in an intensive care unit","volume":"44","author":"Scott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Horm Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00680.x","article-title":"Changes in plasma adrenocorticotropin, corticosterone, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor occupancy\/translocation in rat pups in response to stress","volume":"8","author":"Viau","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199608000-00021","article-title":"Serum cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and steroid-binding globulins in preterm neonates: effect of gestational age and dexamethasone therapy","volume":"40","author":"Kari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198811000-00011","article-title":"Kinetics of circulating corticosterone in infant rats","volume":"24","author":"Leeper","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44724.x","article-title":"The neural network that regulates energy balance is responsive to glucocorticoids and insulin and also regulates HPA axis responsivity at a site proximal to CRF neurons","volume":"771","author":"Dallman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020354","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced increase in lymphocytic FKBP51 messenger ribonucleic acid expression: a potential marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity, potency, and bioavailability","volume":"88","author":"Vermeer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0071","first-page":"100256","article-title":"Evaluation of FKBP5 as a cortisol activity biomarker in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Bancos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297917030142","article-title":"Mechanisms of brain glucocorticoid resistance in stress-induced psychopathologies","volume":"82","author":"Merkulov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407498200","article-title":"FK506-binding proteins 51 and 52 differentially regulate dynein interaction and nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor in mammalian cells","volume":"280","author":"Wochnik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1379\/CSC-32R.1","article-title":"Intronic hormone response elements mediate regulation of FKBP5 by progestins and glucocorticoids","volume":"9","author":"Hubler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12382","article-title":"Quantitative tissue-specific dynamics of in vivo GILZ mRNA expression and regulation by endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids","volume":"3","author":"Ayyar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2020.1758126","article-title":"Peripheral clock system circadian abnormalities in Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"37","author":"Soares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9871-0","article-title":"Different levels of various glucocorticoid-regulated genes in corticotroph adenomas","volume":"44","author":"Evang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0595","article-title":"The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper gene (GILZ) expression decreases after successful treatment of patients with endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome and may play a role in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"95","author":"Lekva","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2009-0411","article-title":"Discovery of glucocorticoid receptor-beta in mice with a role in metabolism","volume":"24","author":"Hinds","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03203.x","article-title":"Efficacy of very-low-dose betamethasone on neurological symptoms in ataxia-telangiectasia","volume":"18","author":"Broccoletti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/835876","article-title":"Biomarkers in posttraumatic stress disorder: overview and implications for future research","volume":"35","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis Markers."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.033","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of cortisol-associated changes in mRNA expression of glucocorticoid responsive genes FKBP5, GILZ, SDPR, PER1, PER2 and PER3 in healthy humans","volume":"102","author":"Yurtsever","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.57","article-title":"Altered stress-induced regulation of genes in monocytes in adults with a history of childhood adversity","volume":"41","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"6865","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/414799a","article-title":"Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism","volume":"414","author":"Saltiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4690","article-title":"The regulation and activities of the multifunctional serine\/threonine kinase Akt\/PKB","volume":"253","author":"Kandel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00337.x","article-title":"The activation of Akt\/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med."},{"issue":"49","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49530","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306782200","article-title":"Isoform-specific regulation of insulin-dependent glucose uptake by Akt\/protein kinase B","volume":"278","author":"Bae","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.4.935","article-title":"Defective signaling through Akt-2 and -3 but not Akt-1 in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle: potential role in insulin resistance","volume":"52","author":"Brozinick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.04.012","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Shibli-Rahhal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091248","article-title":"Effects of selective and non-selective glucocorticoid receptor II antagonists on rapid-onset diabetes in young rats","volume":"9","author":"Beaudry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211594","article-title":"Hyperglycemia in extremely low birth weight infants in a predominantly Hispanic population and related morbidities","volume":"26","author":"Blanco","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Perinatol."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.04.032","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants: cohort analyses of the NIRTURE study","volume":"157","author":"Beardsall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.12-28","article-title":"Maternal protein restriction induces alterations in insulin signaling and ATP sensitive potassium channel protein in hypothalami of intrauterine growth restriction fetal rats","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06596","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in insulin sensitivity and susceptibility to develop diabetes in rats","volume":"190","author":"Vital","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1282","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3175","article-title":"Antenatal glucocorticoid exposure and long-term alterations in aortic function and glucose metabolism","volume":"129","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"5675","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096706","article-title":"A family with severe insulin resistance and diabetes due to a mutation in AKT2","volume":"304","author":"George","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-158188","article-title":"Prenatal hypoxia independent of undernutrition promotes molecular markers of insulin resistance in adult offspring","volume":"25","author":"Camm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0504","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids alter insulin signaling pathways in fetal baboon skeletal muscle","volume":"221","author":"Blanco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"42","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32379","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R000017200","article-title":"Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs): key regulators of nutritional homeostasis and insulin action","volume":"275","author":"Osborne","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.90211.2008","article-title":"Microarray analyses of SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c target genes identify new regulatory pathways in muscle","volume":"34","author":"Rome","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4862760","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4862760","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia composite abnormal glucose metabolism-mediated atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo: the role of SREBP-1","volume":"2019","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2014.16.3\/canacker","article-title":"Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function","volume":"16","author":"Anacker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1349","article-title":"Hepatic insulin signaling changes: possible mechanism in prenatal hypoxia-increased susceptibility of fatty liver in adulthood","volume":"153","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1613","article-title":"Developmental programming: insulin sensitizer prevents the GnRH-stimulated LH hypersecretion in a sheep model of PCOS","volume":"157","author":"Cardoso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1736","article-title":"Programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by neonatal intermittent hypoxia: effects on adult male ACTH and corticosterone responses are stress specific","volume":"155","author":"Chintamaneni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1159\/000443734","article-title":"Glucocorticoid programming in very preterm birth","volume":"85","author":"Finken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1159\/000456040","article-title":"Programming of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by very preterm birth","volume":"70","author":"Finken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12646","article-title":"Intermittent neonatal hypoxia elicits the upregulation of inflammatory-related genes in adult male rats through long-lasting programming effects","volume":"3","author":"Gehrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46518-9","article-title":"Exposure to maternal obesity during suckling outweighs in utero exposure in programming for post-weaning adiposity and insulin resistance in rats","volume":"9","author":"George","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0110","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prematurity\u2013another example of perinatal metabolic programming?","volume":"66","author":"Hofman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2006.4.101","article-title":"Prematurity and programming: are there later metabolic sequelae?","volume":"4","author":"Hofman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203 e201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.024","article-title":"Growth and insulin dynamics in two generations of female offspring of mothers receiving a single course of synthetic glucocorticoids","volume":"207","author":"Long","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T69","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-19-0057","article-title":"Developmental programming of the HPA axis and related behaviours: epigenetic mechanisms","volume":"242","author":"Matthews","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1103027","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal programming: evidence and clinical implications","volume":"26","author":"Nesterenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-012-0361-9","article-title":"Epigenetics of insulin resistance: an emerging field in translational medicine","volume":"13","author":"Sookoian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1750757","article-title":"Gender-specific programming of insulin secretion and action","volume":"175","author":"Sugden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021121315290459300_CIT0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.09.018","article-title":"Cortisol levels in former preterm children at school age are predicted by neonatal procedural pain-related stress","volume":"51","author":"Brummelte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqab232\/41160972\/bqab232.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/163\/1\/bqab232\/41733371\/bqab232.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/163\/1\/bqab232\/41733371\/bqab232.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T20:35:56Z","timestamp":1699821356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqab232\/6429713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqab232","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"article-number":"bqab232"}}