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However, a dose-dependent relationship between the incidence and growth of meningiomas and hormonal treatment with the progestin cyproterone acetate (CPA) has recently been established. CPA-associated meningiomas seem to be mainly located in the anterior and middle skull base, are more likely to be multiple, may harbor P1K3CA mutations in up to one-third of cases, and are more common with a longer duration of treatment. A similar but lower risk of meningiomas has been recently reported with the use of chlormadinone acetate and nomegestrol acetate as progestin treatments. Concerning hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in menopausal patients, evidence from epidemiological studies seem to favor an increased risk of meningiomas in treated patients although a recent study failed to show an increased growth of meningiomas in HRT treated vs nontreated patients. Until larger studies are available, it seems wise to recommend avoiding HRT in patients with meningiomas. Evidence from published data does not seem to support an increased risk of meningiomas with oral contraceptive oral contraceptive (OR) use. Data are too scarce to conclude on fertility treatments. Based on studies demonstrating the expression of hormonal receptors in meningiomas, therapies targeting these receptors have been tried but have failed to show an overall favorable clinical outcome in meningioma treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T16:32:20Z","timestamp":1640190740000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Estrogen and Progesterone Therapy and Meningiomas"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7458-7102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirella","family":"Hage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Par\u00e9, Service d\u2019Endocrinologie Diab\u00e9tologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Plesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Par\u00e9, Service d\u2019Endocrinologie Diab\u00e9tologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Lemaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Par\u00e9, Service d\u2019Endocrinologie Diab\u00e9tologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Laure","family":"Raffin Sanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Par\u00e9, Service d\u2019Endocrinologie Diab\u00e9tologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France"},{"name":"EA4340, Universit\u00e9 de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UFR des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 Simone Veil, F-78423 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022011821313089200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.7.JNS131644","article-title":"Meningiomas: knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. 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