{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:29:19Z","timestamp":1787160559572,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA202948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA202948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) makes up a majority of noninvasive breast cancer cases. DCIS is a neoplastic proliferation of epithelial cells within the ductal structure of the breast. Currently, there is little known about the progression of DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), or the molecular etiology behind each DCIS lesion or grade. The DCIS lesions can be heterogeneous in morphology, genetics, cellular biology, and clinical behavior, posing challenges to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which approximately half of all DCIS lesions progress to an invasive status. New strategies that pinpoint molecular mechanisms are necessary to overcome this gap in understanding, which is a barrier to more targeted therapy. In this review, we will discuss the etiological factors associated with DCIS, as well as the complexity of each nuclear grade lesion. Moreover, we will discuss the possible molecular features that lead to progression of DCIS to IDC. We will highlight current therapeutic management and areas for improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T12:40:38Z","timestamp":1646397638000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of Breast: From Molecular Etiology to Therapeutic Management"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Shelby Lynn","family":"Hophan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-7869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olena","family":"Odnokoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0195-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Gradishar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Badve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mylin A","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0001","volume-title":"Cancer Facts & Figures 2022.","author":"American Cancer Society.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7597","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3162","article-title":"Genomic differences between pure ductal carcinoma in situ and synchronous ductal carcinoma in situ with invasive breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr027","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of invasive ipsilateral breast tumor recurrences after lumpectomy in NSABP B-17 and B-24 randomized clinical trials for DCIS","volume":"103","author":"Wapnir","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-4-26","article-title":"High and intermediate grade ductal carcinoma in-situ of the breast: a comparison of pathologic features in core biopsies and excisions and an evaluation of core biopsy features that may predict a close or positive margin in the excision","volume":"4","author":"Fadare","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol."},{"issue":"41","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgq027","article-title":"Epidemiology of ductal carcinoma in situ","volume":"2010","author":"Kerlikowske","year":"2010","journal-title":"JNCI Monographs."},{"issue":"17","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm111","article-title":"Declines in invasive breast cancer and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy in a screening mammography population","volume":"99","author":"Kerlikowske","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20517\/2572-8180.2019.07","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ in the elderly: what is the ideal treatment plan?","author":"DeChant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Unexplored Med Data."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914053","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/914053","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ: what the pathologist needs to know and why","volume":"2013","author":"Bane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Breast Cancer."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2463-5","article-title":"Progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer: comparative genomic sequencing","volume":"474","author":"Doebar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-0985-4","article-title":"The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM","volume":"17","author":"Edge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07556-9","article-title":"DCIS with microinvasion: is it in situ or invasive disease?","volume":"26","author":"Champion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4840","article-title":"Genome evolution in ductal carcinoma in situ: invasion of the clones","volume":"241","author":"Casasent","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1127","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ and the emergence of diversity during breast cancer evolution","volume":"14","author":"Allred","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.051","article-title":"Molecular features of subtype-specific progression from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Lesurf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3239","article-title":"FGFR1 is amplified during the progression of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Jang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1385","article-title":"Association of C-MYC amplification with progression from the in situ to the invasive stage in C-MYC-amplified breast carcinomas","volume":"201","author":"Robanus-Maandag","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-0636","article-title":"Differentially expressed genes regulating the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0018","first-page":"435","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in progression to","volume":"15","author":"Fleischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"30","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47511","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10203","article-title":"Characterization of the CD49f+\/CD44+\/CD24- single-cell derived stem cell population in basal-like DCIS cells","volume":"7","author":"Duru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2018.07.002","article-title":"Downregulation of Rap1Gap: a switch from DCIS to invasive breast carcinoma via ERK\/MAPK activation","volume":"20","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neoplasia."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0021","first-page":"673790","article-title":"Study of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression in breast ductal carcinoma in situ by immunohistochemical staining in ER\/PgR-negative invasive breast cancer","volume":"2011","author":"Dobrescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISRN Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0022","first-page":"892","article-title":"Molecular alterations differentiate microinvasive carcinoma from ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast carcinoma: retrospective analysis of a large single-center series","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2017.00248","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ biology, biomarkers, and diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Gorringe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"issue":"4 Supplement","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P5-18-04","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.SABCS18-P5-18-04","article-title":"Abstract P5-18-04: HER2 overexpression in ductal carcinoma in situ: a biomarker for risk stratification and therapeutic implication","volume":"79","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr304","article-title":"Strategies for subtypes--dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the St. Gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2011","volume":"22","author":"Goldhirsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-512","article-title":"Molecular subtypes in ductal carcinoma in situ ofthe breast and their relation to prognosis: a population-based cohort study","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.1720","article-title":"Tumor suppressor and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3980","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0506","article-title":"A molecular portrait of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ","volume":"75","author":"Abba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.9.700","article-title":"p53 missense mutations in microdissected high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast","volume":"93","author":"Done","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12125-5","article-title":"Perturbed myoepithelial cell differentiation in BRCA mutation carriers and in ductal carcinoma in situ","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr459","article-title":"The importance of being a myoepithelial cell","volume":"4","author":"Deugnier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"issue":"7-9","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.113385mm","article-title":"The mammary myoepithelial cell","volume":"55","author":"Moumen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1286","article-title":"Myoepithelial cells: good fences make good neighbors","volume":"7","author":"Adriance","year":"2005","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.07.004","article-title":"Myoepithelial cell differentiation markers in ductal carcinoma in situ progression","volume":"185","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31584\/jhsmr.201936","article-title":"P-cadherin and CD10 expression to distinguish between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast","author":"Kanjanapradit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health Sci Med Res."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0036","first-page":"214","article-title":"P-cadherin expression in breast cancer: a review","volume-title":"Breast Cancer Res","author":"Paredes","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-018-9409-z","article-title":"Breaking through to the other side: microenvironment contributions to DCIS initiation and progression","volume":"23","author":"Nelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0222","article-title":"Immune escape in breast cancer during in situ to invasive carcinoma transition","volume":"7","author":"Gil Del Alcazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"17","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5210","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0743","article-title":"Relationship of the breast ductal carcinoma in situ immune microenvironment with clinicopathological and genetic features","volume":"23","author":"Hendry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6497","article-title":"Cancer associated fibroblasts: an essential role in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"14","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-010-9195-8","article-title":"Microenvironmental influences that drive progression from benign breast disease to invasive breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Cichon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.087643","article-title":"Mammary gland development: cell fate specification, stem cells and the microenvironment","volume":"142","author":"Inman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1039\/C0IB00063A","article-title":"Transition to invasion in breast cancer: a microfluidic in vitro model enables examination of spatial and temporal effects","volume":"3","author":"Sung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Integr Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813306106","article-title":"Role of COX-2 in epithelial-stromal cell interactions and progression of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast","volume":"106","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13016","article-title":"Converting a broad matrix metalloproteinase family inhibitor into a specific inhibitor of MMP -9 and MMP -14","volume":"592","author":"Shirian","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1576-3","article-title":"Il-6 signaling between ductal carcinoma in situ cells and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts mediates tumor cell growth and migration","volume":"15","author":"Osuala","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-018-9407-1","article-title":"CXCL1 derived from mammary fibroblasts promotes progression of mammary lesions to invasive carcinoma through CXCR2 dependent mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Bernard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-17-0308","article-title":"Chemokine signaling facilitates early-stage breast cancer survival and invasion through fibroblast-dependent mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Brummer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-011-9381-2","article-title":"Characterizing the clustered microcalcifications on mammograms to predict the pathological classification and grading: a mathematical modeling approach","volume":"24","author":"Shao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e026797","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026797","article-title":"The COMET (Comparison of Operative versus Monitoring and Endocrine Therapy) trial: a phase III randomised controlled clinical trial for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)","volume":"9","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4644-3","article-title":"Is invasion a necessary step for metastases in breast cancer?","volume":"169","author":"Narod","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat."},{"key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57451-6_7","article-title":"The surgical treatment of DCIS: from local excision to conservative breast surgery and conservative mastectomies","volume-title":"Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast","author":"Mariotti","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt067","article-title":"A multigene expression assay to predict local recurrence risk for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast","volume":"105","author":"Solin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2019.07.005","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ of breast: update 2019","volume":"51","author":"Badve","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathology."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5974","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-09903-1","article-title":"The clinical utility of DCISionRT((R)) on radiation therapy decision making in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ following breast-conserving surgery","volume":"28","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0078-RA","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: current concepts and future directions","volume":"137","author":"Siziopikou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70266-7","article-title":"Effect of tamoxifen and radiotherapy in women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ: long-term results from the UK\/ANZ DCIS trial","volume":"12","author":"Cuzick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.34.0141","article-title":"Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces subsequent breast cancer in women with estrogen receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ: a study based on NSABP protocol B-24","volume":"30","author":"Allred","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"9169","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05036-9","article-title":"Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomised controlled trial","volume":"353","author":"Fisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.9029","article-title":"RTOG 9804: a prospective randomized trial for good-risk ductal carcinoma in situ comparing radiotherapy with observation","volume":"33","author":"McCormick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"13","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0061","first-page":"1912","article-title":"Overtreatment of DCIS: new meta-analysis Identifies Prog","volume":"41","author":"Perron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol Times."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032912322668100_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01216-6","article-title":"Multi-protein spatial signatures in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of breast","volume":"124","author":"Badve","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqac027\/42743856\/bqac027.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/163\/4\/bqac027\/43055007\/bqac027.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/163\/4\/bqac027\/43055007\/bqac027.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T06:25:35Z","timestamp":1674887135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqac027\/6542592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqac027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"article-number":"bqac027"}}