{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:42:37Z","timestamp":1782996157812,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u00a0166020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u00a0166020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-169184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-169184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1 or NR5A1) is an indispensable regulator of adrenal and gonadal formation, playing roles in sex determination, hypothalamic development, and pituitary function. This study aimed to identify the roles of SF-1 in postnatal female reproductive function. Using a progesterone receptor\u2013driven Cre recombinase, we developed a novel murine model, characterized by conditional depletion of SF-1 [PR-Cre;Nr5a1f\/f; conditional knockout (cKO)] in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Mature female cKO were infertile due to the absence of ovulation. Reduced gonadotropin concentrations in the pituitary gland that were nevertheless sufficient to maintain regular estrous cycles were observed in mature cKO females. The cKO ovaries showed abnormal lipid accumulation in the stroma, associated with an irregular expression of cholesterol homeostatic genes such as Star, Scp2, and Acat1. The depletion of SF-1 in granulosa cells prevented appropriate cumulus o\u00f6phorus expansion, characterized by reduced expression of Areg, Ereg, and Ptgs2. Exogenous delivery of gonadotropins to cKO females to induce ovulation did not restore fertility and was associated with impaired formation and function of corpora lutea accompanied by reduced expression of the steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1 and attenuated progesterone production. Surgical transplantation of cKO ovaries to ovariectomized control animals (Nr5a1f\/f) resulted in 2 separate phenotypes, either sterility or apparently normal fertility. The deletion of SF-1 in the pituitary and in granulosa cells near the moment of ovulation demonstrated that this nuclear receptor functions across the pituitary-gonadal axis and plays essential roles in gonadotropin synthesis, cumulus expansion, and luteinization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T14:21:23Z","timestamp":1646490083000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Steroidogenic Factor 1 Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis of Adult Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Olivia E","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilit\u00e9 (CRRF), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickie","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilit\u00e9 (CRRF), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilit\u00e9 (CRRF), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisina","family":"Ongaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micka C","family":"Bertucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-5586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7158-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce D","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilit\u00e9 (CRRF), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.3.0301","article-title":"Steroidogenic factor 1: a key determinant of endocrine development and function","volume":"18","author":"Parker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0002","article-title":"Nuclear receptors: Key regulators of somatic cell functions in the ovulatory process","volume":"100937","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2015.07.004","article-title":"DAX-1 (NR0B1) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1) in human disease","volume":"29","author":"Suntharalingham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E663","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2021","article-title":"Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1, ACAT) is a novel target of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1, Ad4BP) in the human adrenal","volume":"96","author":"Ferraz-de-Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1294","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3169","article-title":"Ten novel mutations in the NR5A1 gene cause disordered sex development in 46,XY and ovarian insufficiency in 46,XX individuals","volume":"97","author":"Camats","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806228","article-title":"Mutations in NR5A1 associated with ovarian insufficiency","volume":"360","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21145","article-title":"Wide spectrum of NR5A1-related phenotypes in 46,XY and 46,XX individuals","volume":"108","author":"Domenice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-018-0202-7","article-title":"Broad phenotypes in heterozygous NR5A1 46,XY patients with a disorder of sex development: an oligogenic origin?","volume":"26","author":"Camats","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2015-1215","article-title":"Endometrial expression of steroidogenic factor 1 promotes cystic glandular morphogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Vasquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1177\/42.8.8027530","article-title":"In situ hybridization analysis of anterior pituitary hormone gene expression during fetal mouse development","volume":"42","author":"Jap\u00f3n","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.2.147","article-title":"Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) is essential for pituitary gonadotrope function","volume":"128","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00468-3","article-title":"Approaches to define the role of SF-1 at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-steroidogenic organ axis","volume":"179","author":"Bakke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0013","first-page":"478","article-title":"The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 is essential for the formation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus","volume":"9","author":"Ikeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"26","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102364108","article-title":"Steroidogenic factor 1 directs programs regulating diet-induced thermogenesis and leptin action in the ventral medial hypothalamic nucleus","volume":"108","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.069435","article-title":"Impaired follicle development and infertility in female mice lacking steroidogenic factor 1 in ovarian granulosa cells","volume":"79","author":"Pelusi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00165","article-title":"Rodent models of non-classical progesterone action regulating ovulation","volume":"8","author":"Mittelman-Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1300","article-title":"Absent progesterone signaling in kisspeptin neurons disrupts the lh surge and impairs fertility in female mice","volume":"156","author":"Stephens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-19-0013","article-title":"Impaired LH surge amplitude in gonadotrope-specific progesterone receptor knockout mice","volume":"244","author":"Toufaily","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012","DOI":"10.1621\/nrs.07012","article-title":"Control of oocyte release by progesterone receptor-regulated gene expression","volume":"7","author":"Robker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucl Recept Signal."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.20098","article-title":"Cre-mediated recombination in cell lineages that express the progesterone receptor","volume":"41","author":"Soyal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genesis."},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0021","volume-title":"Mouse Genetics","author":"Silver"},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394445-0.00007-2","volume-title":"Reproductive tract changes during the mouse estrous cycle: the guide to investigation of mouse pregnancy","author":"Bertolin","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1765","article-title":"The orphan nuclear receptor Nr5a2 is essential for luteinization in the female mouse ovary","volume":"155","author":"Bertolin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab014","article-title":"Development of a highly sensitive ELISA for measurement of FSH in serum, plasma, and whole blood in mice","author":"Ongaro","year":"2021;162(4):014","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1502","article-title":"Development of a methodology for and assessment of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in juvenile and adult male mice","volume":"154","author":"Steyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s12522-016-0236-x","article-title":"Roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factor in the ovulation process","volume":"15","author":"Shimada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Med Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002040104","article-title":"Developmental defects of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and pituitary gonadotroph in the Ftz-F1 disrupted mice","volume":"204","author":"Shinoda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.12.012","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of pituitary organogenesis: in search of novel regulatory genes","volume":"323","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.522","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q22.1, 1q32.1 and 5p15.33","volume":"42","author":"Petersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0404","article-title":"Cell-specific knockout of steroidogenic factor 1 reveals its essential roles in gonadal function","volume":"18","author":"Jeyasuria","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.19.2302","article-title":"The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 acts at multiple levels of the reproductive axis","volume":"8","author":"Ingraham","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-019-0291-8","article-title":"Identification of a pituitary ER\u03b1-activated enhancer triggering the expression of Nr5a1, the earliest gonadotrope lineage-specific transcription factor","volume":"12","author":"Pacini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.759167","article-title":"SMAD3 regulates follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis by pituitary gonadotrope cells","volume":"292","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz121","article-title":"Nr5a1b promotes and Nr5a2 inhibits transcription of lhb in the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides\u2020","volume":"101","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1770345","article-title":"Steroidogenic factor-1: a key regulator of gonadotroph gene expression","volume":"177","author":"Fowkes","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2018","article-title":"The orphan nuclear receptors steroidogenic factor-1 and liver receptor homolog-1: structure, regulation, and essential roles in mammalian reproduction","volume":"99","author":"Meinsohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01919-06","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone-dependent activation of the epidermal growth factor network is essential for ovulation","volume":"27","author":"Hsieh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0141","article-title":"Beta-catenin (CTNNB1) promotes preovulatory follicular development but represses LH-mediated ovulation and luteinization","volume":"24","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"34","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21137","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.34.21137","article-title":"Modulation of transcription factor Sp1 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase","volume":"272","author":"Rohlff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"3-6","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(97)80016-7","article-title":"Evidence that functional interactions of CREB and SF-1 mediate hormone regulated expression of the aromatase gene in granulosa cells and constitutive expression in R2C cells","volume":"61","author":"Carlone","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0300381","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the mouse steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene by the cAMP response-element binding protein and steroidogenic factor 1","volume":"30","author":"Manna","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.8.7602","article-title":"Sp1 and SF-1 interact and cooperate in the regulation of human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression","volume":"141","author":"Sugawara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.6.6715","article-title":"Anovulation in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice is restored by prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1beta","volume":"140","author":"Davis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00485","article-title":"Coordination of ovulation and oocyte maturation: a good egg at the right time","volume":"159","author":"Robker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0046","article-title":"Nuclear receptor Ftz-f1 promotes follicle maturation and ovulation partly via bHLH\/PAS transcription factor Sim","volume":"9:e54568","author":"Knapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24631","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24631","article-title":"Perturbed rhythmic activation of signaling pathways in mice deficient for Sterol Carrier Protein 2-dependent diurnal lipid transport and metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Jouffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0022","article-title":"The molecular control of corpus luteum formation, function, and regression","volume":"28","author":"Stocco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0049","volume-title":"Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach","author":"Boron"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.00482.x","article-title":"Molecular cloning of mouse 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and characterization of enzyme activity","volume":"236","author":"Nokelainen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022040118141004400_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0199","article-title":"Switching of NR5A proteins associated with the inhibin alpha-subunit gene promoter after activation of the gene in granulosa cells","volume":"20","author":"Weck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqac028\/42747015\/bqac028.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/163\/4\/bqac028\/43230230\/bqac028.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article-pdf\/163\/4\/bqac028\/43230230\/bqac028.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T12:43:02Z","timestamp":1700311382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/endo\/article\/doi\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqac028\/6542939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqac028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7227","1945-7170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7227","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]]},"article-number":"bqac028"}}