{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T09:36:05Z","timestamp":1781343365499,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Xi \u2018an","award":["2019115213YX007SF040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019115213YX007SF040"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Talents type II Project of Xi \u2018an","award":["J201902045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J201902045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several observational studies have confirmed the relationship between thyroid hormones and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but this correlation remains controversial. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on the largest publicly available summary datasets. Summary statistics with 49 269 individuals for free thyroxine (FT4) and 54 288 for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were used as exposure instruments. Genome-wide association studies of susceptibility (cases = 38 984; controls = 1 644 784), hospitalization (cases: 9986 = controls = 1 877 672), and very severe disease (cases = 5101; controls = 1 383 241) of COVID-19 were used as the outcome. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis, and utilized MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and robust adjusted profile score (RAPS) for sensitivity analysis. Genetic predisposition to higher serum levels of FT4 within the normal range was negatively associated with the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.818; 95% CI, 0.718-0.932; P = 2.6 \u00d7 10\u22123) and very severe disease (OR = 0.758; 95% CI, 0.626-0.923; P = 5.8 \u00d7 10\u22123), but not susceptibility. There is no evidence that genetically predicted circulating TSH levels are associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity risk. Neither apparent pleiotropy nor heterogeneity were detected in the sensitivity analysis. In summary, we found that higher FT4 levels may reduce the risk of COVID-19 severity, suggesting that thyroid function testing may be required for patients with COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T15:30:40Z","timestamp":1662046240000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thyroid Function and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Its Severity: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Xi\u2019an NO.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, 710018 , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binxu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrocolorectal and Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Xi\u2019an NO.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, 710018 , P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2022101708362321600_bqac139-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0863-y","article-title":"If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future","volume":"26","author":"McKee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022101708362321600_bqac139-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022101708362321600_bqac139-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0576","article-title":"Obesity and COVID-19 severity in a designated hospital in 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